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<channel>
	<title>공장자동화 &#8211; MyEngNote</title>
	<atom:link href="https://myengnote.com/tag/%EA%B3%B5%EC%9E%A5%EC%9E%90%EB%8F%99%ED%99%94/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>https://myengnote.com</link>
	<description></description>
	<lastBuildDate>Wed, 08 Jul 2026 04:42:18 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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	<item>
		<title>공압 실린더 계산기 &#038; 시뮬레이터</title>
		<link>https://myengnote.com/pneumatic-cylinder-air-consumption-force-calculator/</link>
					<comments>https://myengnote.com/pneumatic-cylinder-air-consumption-force-calculator/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[동동]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 23:26:31 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[공학계산기]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[공기소모량]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[공압실린더]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[공압추력]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[공장자동화]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[피스톤속도]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://myengnote.com/pneumatic-cylinder-air-consumption-force-calculator/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[실린더 보어 내경, 로드경, 작동 스트로크, 제어 압력 및 분당 작동 주기를 입력하여 실린더 추력(N)과 에어 소모량(NL/min)을 실시간 해석하는 공장 자동화 설계용 물리 시뮬레이터입니다.]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h2 style="font-size: 1.6em; font-weight: 800; color: #0c0e25; border-bottom: 2px solid #00f2fe; padding-bottom: 8px; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f680.png" alt="🚀" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 공압 실린더 계산기 &#038; 시뮬레이터</h2>


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<style>
/* Scoped & Isolated Styles for pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper */
        /* Modern Reset and Design Tokens */
        .pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper *, .pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper *::before, .pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper *::after {
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        .pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper {
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            gap: 12px;
            border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border);
            padding-top: 18px;
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        .presets-section h3 {
            font-size: 13px;
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            background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.02);
            padding: 4px 10px;
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            border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
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            display: flex;
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            border-radius: 12px;
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        .results-grid {
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            background: rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.03);
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            height: 38px;
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            font-size: 11px;
            font-weight: 600;
            color: var(--color-text-muted);
        }
        .card-value {
            font-family: var(--font-heading);
            font-weight: 700;
            font-size: 17px;
            color: var(--color-text-main);
        }
        .formula-card {
            background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.01);
            border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
            border-radius: 12px;
            padding: 16px;
            display: flex;
            flex-direction: column;
            gap: 8px;
            font-size: 12px;
        }
        .formula-card h4 {
            font-weight: 700;
            color: var(--color-text-main);
        }
        .formula-equation {
            font-family: monospace;
            color: var(--color-cyan);
            font-size: 13px;
            background: #f8fafc;
            padding: 8px 10px;
            border-radius: 6px;
            border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
            text-align: center;
        }
        /* Container Query */
        @container pneumatic-container (max-width: 1100px) {
            .app-main-grid {
                grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
                gap: 20px;
            }
            .control-panel {
                grid-column: 1;
            }
            .simulation-panel {
                grid-column: 2;
                align-self: start;
            }
            .results-panel {
                grid-column: 1 / span 2;
                display: grid;
                grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.2fr;
                gap: 20px;
            }
            .results-panel .panel-header {
                grid-column: 1 / span 2;
            }
            .air-readout-box {
                grid-column: 1;
                grid-row: 2;
            }
            .results-grid {
                grid-column: 2;
                grid-row: 2;
            }
        }
        @container pneumatic-container (max-width: 768px) {
            .app-main-grid {
                grid-template-columns: 1fr;
            }
            .control-panel, .simulation-panel, .results-panel {
                grid-column: 1;
            }
            .results-panel {
                display: flex;
                flex-direction: column;
                gap: 16px;
            }
            .air-readout-box, .results-grid {
                grid-column: auto;
                grid-row: auto;
            }
            .panel-header h2 {
                white-space: normal !important;
                font-size: 15px !important;
            }
            .app-header {
                flex-direction: column;
                gap: 16px;
                text-align: center;
            }
            .logo-area {
                flex-direction: column;
                gap: 8px;
            }
        }
/* ━━ WordPress 레이아웃 Override: 디자인 1 (2열 컴팩트 대칭 레이아웃) ━━ */
.pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .app-main-grid,
.pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .main-grid,
.pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .sim-grid {
    display: grid !important;
    grid-template-columns: 340px 1fr !important;
    gap: 24px !important;
    align-items: start !important;
}
/* 3열 레이아웃을 2열 레이아웃으로 변경하는 특화 스타일 */
.pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .right-column {
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    gap: 24px !important;
    min-width: 0 !important;
    grid-column: 2 !important;
}
.pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-panel,
.pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .canvas-panel,
.pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .sim-panel {
    grid-column: auto !important;
    order: 1 !important;
    align-self: stretch !important;
}
.pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .control-panel {
    grid-column: 1 !important;
}
/* 2열 통합 결과 분석 영역 레이아웃 */
.pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section {
    display: grid !important;
    grid-template-columns: 1.1fr 1.3fr !important;
    gap: 20px !important;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border) !important;
    padding-top: 20px !important;
    margin-top: 10px !important;
    align-items: stretch !important;
}
/* Readout Box 스타일 */
.pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section .ratio-readout-box,
.pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section .re-readout-box,
.pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section .status-readout-box,
.pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section .flow-readout-box,
.pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section [class*="readout-box"],
.pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section .gauge-container {
    grid-column: 1 !important;
    grid-row: 1 !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
    height: auto !important;
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    justify-content: center !important;
}
.pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section .results-grid {
    grid-column: 2 !important;
    grid-row: 1 !important;
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    gap: 12px !important;
    justify-content: flex-start !important;
}
.pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section .results-grid .result-card {
    flex: none !important;
    display: flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    min-height: 72px !important;
    height: auto !important;
    padding: 12px 16px !important;
}
.pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section .formula-card {
    grid-column: 1 / span 2 !important;
    grid-row: 2 !important;
}
/* 모바일/반응형 (800px 이하) ── 항상 세로형(1열) 정렬 및 시뮬레이터 캔버스 최상단 배치 */
@media (max-width: 800px) {
    .pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .app-main-grid,
    .pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .main-grid,
    .pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .sim-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
        display: flex !important;
        flex-direction: column !important;
    }
    .pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .control-panel {
        order: 2 !important;
        width: 100% !important;
    }
    .pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .right-column {
        order: 1 !important;
        width: 100% !important;
        display: flex !important;
        flex-direction: column !important;
    }
    .pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-panel,
    .pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .canvas-panel,
    .pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .sim-panel,
    .pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .canvas-section {
        order: -1 !important;
    }
    .pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
    }
    .pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section .ratio-readout-box,
    .pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section .re-readout-box,
    .pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section .status-readout-box,
    .pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section .flow-readout-box,
    .pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section [class*="readout-box"],
    .pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section .gauge-container {
        grid-column: 1 !important;
        grid-row: auto !important;
        height: auto !important;
    }
    .pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section .results-grid {
        grid-column: 1 !important;
        grid-row: auto !important;
    }
    .pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section .formula-card {
        grid-column: 1 !important;
        grid-row: auto !important;
    }
}
.pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .app-container,
.pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .main-container {
    max-width: 100% !important;
    padding: 12px !important;
}
/* Premium Advice/Formula Card & Typography Overrides */
.pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section .formula-card,
.pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .results-panel .formula-card {
    background: #ffffff !important;
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border) !important;
    border-radius: 12px !important;
    padding: 16px !important;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-card) !important;
    transition: all 0.2s ease !important;
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    justify-content: center !important;
    gap: 8px !important;
}
.pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section .formula-card h4,
.pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .results-panel .formula-card h4 {
    font-size: 14px !important;
    font-weight: 700 !important;
    color: var(--color-text-main) !important;
    margin-top: 0 !important;
    margin-bottom: 4px !important;
    word-break: keep-all !important;
    line-height: 1.4 !important;
    display: flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    gap: 8px !important;
}
.pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper .formula-equation {
    font-family: 'Outfit', 'Cambria Math', 'Times New Roman', monospace !important;
    white-space: nowrap !important;
    overflow-x: auto !important;
    word-break: keep-all !important;
    text-align: center !important;
}
.pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper #text-judgment {
    font-size: 12px !important;
    font-weight: 500 !important;
    color: var(--color-text-muted) !important;
    line-height: 1.6 !important;
    word-break: keep-all !important;
}
</style>
<div class="pneumatic-cylinder-wrapper" style="position: relative; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow: hidden; margin: 30px auto; border-radius: 20px;">
    <div class="app-background-glow" style="position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; z-index: 1; pointer-events: none; overflow: hidden;"></div>
    <div style="position: relative; z-index: 2; width: 100%;">
    <div class="app-container">
        <header class="app-header">
            <div class="logo-area">
                <div class="logo-icon"><i class="fa-solid fa-wind"></i></div>
                <div>
                    <h1>PNEUMATIC CYLINDER</h1>
                    <div class="subtitle">공압 실린더 대기압 환산 에어 소모량 &#038; 추력 계산기</div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="header-badge">
                <div class="pulse-dot"></div>
                <span class="badge-text">PNEUMATIC POWER</span>
            </div>
        </header>
        <div class="app-main-grid">
            <!-- Controls -->
            <div class="panel control-panel">
                <div class="panel-header text-cyan">
                    <i class="fa-solid fa-sliders"></i>
                    <h2>실린더 변수 및 공기 상태</h2>
                </div>
                <!-- Bore D -->
                <div class="input-group">
                    <div class="input-label-row">
                        <label for="input-d"><i class="fa-solid fa-circle-dot text-cyan"></i> 실린더 보어 내경 (D)</label>
                        <span class="helper-text">범위: 12 ~ 125 mm</span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="number-input-wrapper">
                        <input type="number" id="input-d" class="custom-number-input" min="12" max="125" value="50">
                        <span class="unit-badge">mm</span>
                    </div>
                    <input type="range" id="slider-d" class="custom-slider" min="12" max="125" value="50">
                </div>
                <!-- Rod d -->
                <div class="input-group">
                    <div class="input-label-row">
                        <label for="input-rod"><i class="fa-solid fa-circle text-purple"></i> 피스톤 로드 지름 (d)</label>
                        <span class="helper-text">범위: 4 ~ 40 mm</span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="number-input-wrapper">
                        <input type="number" id="input-rod" class="custom-number-input" min="4" max="40" value="20">
                        <span class="unit-badge">mm</span>
                    </div>
                    <input type="range" id="slider-rod" class="custom-slider" min="4" max="40" value="20">
                </div>
                <!-- Stroke S -->
                <div class="input-group">
                    <div class="input-label-row">
                        <label for="input-stroke"><i class="fa-solid fa-arrows-left-right text-success"></i> 행정 스트로크 (S)</label>
                        <span class="helper-text">범위: 50 ~ 1000 mm</span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="number-input-wrapper">
                        <input type="number" id="input-stroke" class="custom-number-input" min="50" max="1000" value="300">
                        <span class="unit-badge">mm</span>
                    </div>
                    <input type="range" id="slider-stroke" class="custom-slider" min="50" max="1000" value="300">
                </div>
                <!-- Pressure P -->
                <div class="input-group">
                    <div class="input-label-row">
                        <label for="input-p"><i class="fa-solid fa-compress text-magenta"></i> 공급 공기 압력 (P)</label>
                        <span class="helper-text">범위: 1.0 ~ 10.0 bar</span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="number-input-wrapper">
                        <input type="number" id="input-p" class="custom-number-input" min="1.0" max="10.0" step="0.1" value="6.0">
                        <span class="unit-badge">bar</span>
                    </div>
                    <input type="range" id="slider-p" class="custom-slider" min="10" max="100" value="60">
                </div>
                <!-- Cycle Speed N -->
                <div class="input-group">
                    <div class="input-label-row">
                        <label for="input-cycle"><i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-rotate-right text-warning"></i> 분당 작동 주기 (N)</label>
                        <span class="helper-text">범위: 5 ~ 60 cycles/min</span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="number-input-wrapper">
                        <input type="number" id="input-cycle" class="custom-number-input" min="5" max="60" value="20">
                        <span class="unit-badge">cycles/min</span>
                    </div>
                    <input type="range" id="slider-cycle" class="custom-slider" min="5" max="60" value="20">
                </div>
                <!-- Presets -->
                <div class="presets-section">
                    <h3><i class="fa-solid fa-network-wired"></i> 기구 설계 프리셋</h3>
                    <div class="presets-grid">
                        <button class="preset-btn" data-preset="clamp">
                            <div class="preset-icon"><i class="fa-solid fa-paperclip"></i></div>
                            <div class="preset-details">
                                <span class="preset-name">미니 정밀 클램프</span>
                                <span class="preset-spec">20A / 8A, S100</span>
                            </div>
                        </button>
                        <button class="preset-btn" data-preset="pickplace">
                            <div class="preset-icon"><i class="fa-solid fa-hand-holding-hand"></i></div>
                            <div class="preset-details">
                                <span class="preset-name">표준 픽앤플레이스 실린더</span>
                                <span class="preset-spec">50A / 20A, S300</span>
                            </div>
                        </button>
                        <button class="preset-btn" data-preset="heavyLift">
                            <div class="preset-icon"><i class="fa-solid fa-angles-up"></i></div>
                            <div class="preset-details">
                                <span class="preset-name">고중량 수직 리프터</span>
                                <span class="preset-spec">100A / 32A, S500</span>
                            </div>
                        </button>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <!-- Auto Injected Right Column wrapper for Design 1 -->
            <div class="right-column">
                <div class="panel simulation-panel">
                                <div class="panel-header text-purple">
                                    <div style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px;">
                                        <i class="fa-solid fa-display"></i>
                                        <h2>공압 구동 행정 및 압축공기 배기 가시화</h2>
                                    </div>
                                    <div class="canvas-scale-indicator" id="txt-canvas-scale">절대 압축비: 6.92배</div>
                                </div>
                                <div class="canvas-wrapper">
                                    <canvas id="physics-canvas" width="640" height="400"></canvas>
                                </div>
                                <div class="simulation-metrics-strip">
                                    <div class="mini-metric">
                                        <span class="label">1회 왕복당 필요 체적</span>
                                        <span class="value" id="mini-v-cycle">1.03 L</span>
                                    </div>
                                    <div class="mini-divider"></div>
                                    <div class="mini-metric">
                                        <span class="label">전진 이론 추력</span>
                                        <span class="value" id="mini-f-ext">1,178 N</span>
                                    </div>
                                    <div class="mini-divider"></div>
                                    <div class="mini-metric">
                                        <span class="label">후진 이론 추력</span>
                                        <span class="value" id="mini-f-ret">989 N</span>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                            <div class="simulation-results-section">
                                <div class="air-readout-box">
                                    <span class="air-title">FREE AIR CONSUMPTION RATE</span>
                                    <span class="air-value" id="txt-air-flow">143.5 L/min <span>(ANR)</span></span>
                                    <span class="air-type" id="txt-air-type-label">대기압 환산(Standard) 소모 유량</span>
                                </div>
                                <div class="results-grid">
                                    <div class="result-card">
                                        <div class="card-icon text-cyan"><i class="fa-solid fa-circle-down"></i></div>
                                        <div class="card-content">
                                            <span class="card-unit">전진 가압 추력 (Extend Force)</span>
                                            <span class="card-value" id="txt-force-ext">1,178 N (120.1 kgf)</span>
                                        </div>
                                    </div>
                                    <div class="result-card">
                                        <div class="card-icon text-purple"><i class="fa-solid fa-circle-up"></i></div>
                                        <div class="card-content">
                                            <span class="card-unit">후진 수축 추력 (Retract Force)</span>
                                            <span class="card-value" id="txt-force-ret">989 N (100.8 kgf)</span>
                                        </div>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                                <div class="formula-card">
                                        <h4><i class="fa-solid fa-circle-info text-cyan"></i> 대기압 환산 에어 소모 공식</h4>
                                        <div class="formula-equation">Q_free = V_cycle &times; CR &times; N</div>
                                        <p>
                                            * CR(압축비) = (P + 1.013)/1.013 로 압축 가압된 기체가 대기압 방출 시 팽창하는 부피를 반영합니다.
                                        </p>
                                    </div>
                            </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
        <!-- Disclaimer Footer -->
        <footer class="app-disclaimer" style="margin-top: 20px; padding: 12px 16px; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.015); border: 1px solid var(--color-border); border-radius: 12px; font-size: 11px; color: var(--color-text-muted); line-height: 1.5; text-align: left; display: flex; gap: 10px; align-items: flex-start; clear: both;">
            <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-info" style="color: var(--color-cyan); font-size: 14px; margin-top: 2px; flex-shrink: 0;"></i>
            <span><strong>면책 조항 (Disclaimer):</strong> 본 시뮬레이터의 계산 결과는 교육 및 참고용으로만 제공되며, 실제 제품 설계나 제작 시에는 반드시 최신 공학 규격 및 공식 표준 설계 기준을 재확인하시기 바랍니다. 계산 값의 무결성을 보장하지 않으며, 이로 인해 발생하는 직접적/간접적 손해에 대해 제작자 및 본 블로그는 어떠한 책임을 지지 않습니다.</span>
        </footer>
</div>
    </div>
</div>
<script>
        (function() {
            // State
            const state = {
                d: 50,      // Bore mm
                rod: 20,    // Rod mm
                stroke: 300,// mm
                p: 6.0,     // bar
                cycle: 20,  // cycles/min
                strokePct: 0.1,
                direction: 1,
                lastTime: 0,
                exhaustBubbles: []
            };
            // DOM Elements
            const inputD = document.getElementById('input-d');
            const sliderD = document.getElementById('slider-d');
            const inputRod = document.getElementById('input-rod');
            const sliderRod = document.getElementById('slider-rod');
            const inputStroke = document.getElementById('input-stroke');
            const sliderStroke = document.getElementById('slider-stroke');
            const inputP = document.getElementById('input-p');
            const sliderP = document.getElementById('slider-p');
            const inputCycle = document.getElementById('input-cycle');
            const sliderCycle = document.getElementById('slider-cycle');
            const txtAirFlow = document.getElementById('txt-air-flow');
            const txtForceExt = document.getElementById('txt-force-ext');
            const txtForceRet = document.getElementById('txt-force-ret');
            const miniVCycle = document.getElementById('mini-v-cycle');
            const miniFExt = document.getElementById('mini-f-ext');
            const miniFRet = document.getElementById('mini-f-ret');
            const presetButtons = document.querySelectorAll('.preset-btn');
            const canvas = document.getElementById('physics-canvas');
            const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
            function getDPR() {
                return window.devicePixelRatio || 1;
            }
            function initCanvas() {
                const dpr = getDPR();
                const rect = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
                canvas.width = rect.width * dpr;
                canvas.height = rect.height * dpr;
                ctx.scale(dpr, dpr);
            }
            window.addEventListener('resize', initCanvas);
            initCanvas();
            setTimeout(initCanvas, 300);
            // Clamp Rod <= Bore - 6
            function validateRodDiameter() {
                const maxAllowedRod = state.d - 6;
                if (state.rod > maxAllowedRod) {
                    state.rod = maxAllowedRod;
                    inputRod.value = state.rod;
                    sliderRod.value = state.rod;
                }
                sliderRod.max = maxAllowedRod;
            }
            // Sync
            function syncDFromSlider() {
                state.d = parseInt(sliderD.value);
                inputD.value = state.d;
                validateRodDiameter();
                clearPresets();
                updateCalculations();
            }
            function syncDFromInput() {
                let val = parseInt(inputD.value);
                if (isNaN(val)) { val = 50; }
                if (val < 12) { val = 12; }
                if (val > 125) { val = 125; }
                state.d = val;
                inputD.value = val;
                sliderD.value = val;
                validateRodDiameter();
                clearPresets();
                updateCalculations();
            }
            function syncRodFromSlider() {
                state.rod = parseInt(sliderRod.value);
                inputRod.value = state.rod;
                validateRodDiameter();
                clearPresets();
                updateCalculations();
            }
            function syncRodFromInput() {
                let val = parseInt(inputRod.value);
                if (isNaN(val)) { val = 20; }
                if (val < 4) { val = 4; }
                if (val > state.d - 6) { val = state.d - 6; }
                state.rod = val;
                inputRod.value = val;
                sliderRod.value = val;
                validateRodDiameter();
                clearPresets();
                updateCalculations();
            }
            function syncStrokeFromSlider() {
                state.stroke = parseInt(sliderStroke.value);
                inputStroke.value = state.stroke;
                clearPresets();
                updateCalculations();
            }
            function syncStrokeFromInput() {
                let val = parseInt(inputStroke.value);
                if (isNaN(val)) { val = 300; }
                if (val < 50) { val = 50; }
                if (val > 1000) { val = 1000; }
                state.stroke = val;
                inputStroke.value = val;
                sliderStroke.value = val;
                clearPresets();
                updateCalculations();
            }
            function syncPFromSlider() {
                state.p = parseFloat(sliderP.value) / 10;
                inputP.value = state.p.toFixed(1);
                clearPresets();
                updateCalculations();
            }
            function syncPFromInput() {
                let val = parseFloat(inputP.value);
                if (isNaN(val)) { val = 6.0; }
                if (val < 1.0) { val = 1.0; }
                if (val > 10.0) { val = 10.0; }
                state.p = val;
                inputP.value = val.toFixed(1);
                sliderP.value = Math.round(val * 10);
                clearPresets();
                updateCalculations();
            }
            function syncCycleFromSlider() {
                state.cycle = parseInt(sliderCycle.value);
                inputCycle.value = state.cycle;
                clearPresets();
                updateCalculations();
            }
            function syncCycleFromInput() {
                let val = parseInt(inputCycle.value);
                if (isNaN(val)) { val = 20; }
                if (val < 5) { val = 5; }
                if (val > 60) { val = 60; }
                state.cycle = val;
                inputCycle.value = val;
                sliderCycle.value = val;
                clearPresets();
                updateCalculations();
            }
            sliderD.addEventListener('input', syncDFromSlider);
            inputD.addEventListener('change', syncDFromInput);
            sliderRod.addEventListener('input', syncRodFromSlider);
            inputRod.addEventListener('change', syncRodFromInput);
            sliderStroke.addEventListener('input', syncStrokeFromSlider);
            inputStroke.addEventListener('change', syncStrokeFromInput);
            sliderP.addEventListener('input', syncPFromSlider);
            inputP.addEventListener('change', syncPFromInput);
            sliderCycle.addEventListener('input', syncCycleFromSlider);
            inputCycle.addEventListener('change', syncCycleFromInput);
            // Presets
            function loadPreset(presetKey) {
                clearPresets();
                presetButtons.forEach(function(btn) {
                    if (btn.dataset.preset === presetKey) {
                        btn.classList.add('active');
                    }
                });
                if (presetKey === 'clamp') {
                    state.d = 20;
                    state.rod = 8;
                    state.stroke = 100;
                    state.p = 5.0;
                    state.cycle = 30;
                } else if (presetKey === 'pickplace') {
                    state.d = 50;
                    state.rod = 20;
                    state.stroke = 300;
                    state.p = 6.0;
                    state.cycle = 20;
                } else if (presetKey === 'heavyLift') {
                    state.d = 100;
                    state.rod = 32;
                    state.stroke = 500;
                    state.p = 7.0;
                    state.cycle = 12;
                }
                inputD.value = state.d;
                sliderD.value = state.d;
                inputRod.value = state.rod;
                sliderRod.value = state.rod;
                inputStroke.value = state.stroke;
                sliderStroke.value = state.stroke;
                inputP.value = state.p.toFixed(1);
                sliderP.value = Math.round(state.p * 10);
                inputCycle.value = state.cycle;
                sliderCycle.value = state.cycle;
                validateRodDiameter();
                updateCalculations();
            }
            function clearPresets() {
                presetButtons.forEach(function(btn) {
                    btn.classList.remove('active');
                });
            }
            presetButtons.forEach(function(btn) {
                btn.addEventListener('click', function() {
                    loadPreset(btn.dataset.preset);
                });
            });
            // Calcs
            function updateCalculations() {
                const patm = 1.01325; // standard atm in bar
                const cr = (state.p + patm) / patm; // compression ratio
                const aPush = (Math.PI * Math.pow(state.d, 2)) / 4; // mm2
                const aPull = (Math.PI * (Math.pow(state.d, 2) - Math.pow(state.rod, 2))) / 4; // mm2
                // Thrust Force = P * A
                // 1 bar = 0.1 N/mm²
                const fPushN = state.p * 0.1 * aPush;
                const fPushKg = fPushN / 9.80665;
                txtForceExt.innerText = Math.round(fPushN).toLocaleString() + ' N (' + fPushKg.toFixed(1) + ' kgf)';
                miniFExt.innerText = Math.round(fPushN).toLocaleString() + ' N';
                const fPullN = state.p * 0.1 * aPull;
                const fPullKg = fPullN / 9.80665;
                txtForceRet.innerText = Math.round(fPullN).toLocaleString() + ' N (' + fPullKg.toFixed(1) + ' kgf)';
                miniFRet.innerText = Math.round(fPullN).toLocaleString() + ' N';
                // V_cycle in Liters = (A_push + A_pull) * S_mm / 1,000,000
                const strokeM = state.stroke / 1000;
                const vCycle = ((aPush + aPull) * strokeM) / 1000000; // cubic meters
                const vCycleL = vCycle * 1000; // Liters
                miniVCycle.innerText = vCycleL.toFixed(2) + ' L';
                // Q_free = V_cycle_liters * CR * N (L/min ANR)
                const qFree = vCycleL * cr * state.cycle;
                txtAirFlow.innerHTML = qFree.toFixed(1) + ' L/min <span style="display: block; font-size: 0.75em; opacity: 0.85; margin-top: 4px; -webkit-text-fill-color: var(--color-text-muted); color: var(--color-text-muted); background: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial;">(ANR)</span>';
                const txtCanvasScale = document.getElementById('txt-canvas-scale');
                if (txtCanvasScale) {
                    txtCanvasScale.innerText = `절대 압축비: ${cr.toFixed(2)}배 (Compress ratio)`;
                }
            }
            // Exhaust bubbles generator
            function ExhaustBubble(x, y, vx, vy) {
                this.x = x;
                this.y = y;
                this.vx = vx;
                this.vy = vy;
                this.life = 1.0;
                this.decay = 0.05 + Math.random() * 0.08;
                this.size = 1.5 + Math.random() * 2.5;
            }
            // Draw Pneumatic Cylinder Cycle
            function draw(currentTime) {
                requestAnimationFrame(draw);
                let dt = (currentTime - state.lastTime) / 1000;
                if (isNaN(dt)) { dt = 0.016; }
                if (dt < 0) { dt = 0.016; }
                if (dt > 0.1) { dt = 0.016; }
                state.lastTime = currentTime;
                const dpr = getDPR();
                const width = canvas.width / dpr;
                const height = canvas.height / dpr;
                const gridScale = Math.min(width / 640, height / 400);
                ctx.clearRect(0, 0, width, height);
                // Grid
                ctx.save();
                ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.04)';
                ctx.lineWidth = 1;
                for (let x = 0; x < width; x += 30 * gridScale) {
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.moveTo(x, 0);
                    ctx.lineTo(x, height);
                    ctx.stroke();
                }
                for (let y = 0; y < height; y += 30 * gridScale) {
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.moveTo(0, y);
                    ctx.lineTo(width, y);
                    ctx.stroke();
                }
                ctx.restore();
                // Compute stroke cycle speeds based on cycle frequency N (cycles per minute)
                const cycleTime = 60 / state.cycle;
                const cycleSpeed = 2 / cycleTime; // travel per second
                // Redefine scale as 1 for local coordinate system
                const scale = 1;
                // Geometry mapping
                const cylH = 20 + ((state.d - 12) / 113) * 110;
                const rodH = 6 + ((state.rod - 4) / 36) * 54;
                const cylL = 140 + (state.stroke / 1000) * 260; // cylinder tube length
                const cylLeft = 100;
                const cy = height / 2;
                const cylTop = cy - cylH / 2;
                const cylBottom = cy + cylH / 2;
                // Piston left coord
                const pistonThick = 20;
                const maxTravel = cylL - pistonThick - 6;
                const pistonLeft = cylLeft + 3 + state.strokePct * maxTravel;
                const rodLength = maxTravel + 60;
                // Calculate max extended span for auto-zoom scaling
                const rodRight_max = (cylLeft + 3 + 0.95 * maxTravel) + pistonThick + rodLength;
                const xMin = cylLeft - 40; // Allow space for D dimension label
                const xMax = rodRight_max + 75; // Allow space for d dimension label
                const yMin = cylTop - 35; // Allow space for S dimension label
                const yMax = cylBottom + 35; // Allow space for ports/arrows/bubbles
                const W_draw = xMax - xMin;
                const H_draw = yMax - yMin;
                const padding = 20;
                const scaleX = (width - padding * 2) / W_draw;
                const scaleY = (height - padding * 2) / H_draw;
                const zoom = Math.min(scaleX, scaleY);
                const cx_draw = (xMin + xMax) / 2;
                const cy_draw = (yMin + yMax) / 2;
                const dx = width / 2 - cx_draw * zoom;
                const dy = height / 2 - cy_draw * zoom;
                ctx.save();
                ctx.translate(dx, dy);
                ctx.scale(zoom, zoom);
                if (state.direction === 1) {
                    state.strokePct += cycleSpeed * dt;
                    if (state.strokePct >= 0.95) {
                        state.strokePct = 0.95;
                        state.direction = -1;
                        // Spawn pop exhaust bubbles at right port
                        spawnExhaustAtPort(cylLeft + cylL - 27 * scale, cylBottom);
                    }
                } else {
                    state.strokePct -= cycleSpeed * dt;
                    if (state.strokePct <= 0.05) {
                        state.strokePct = 0.05;
                        state.direction = 1;
                        // Spawn pop exhaust bubbles at left port
                        spawnExhaustAtPort(cylLeft + 27 * scale, cylBottom);
                    }
                }
                // Active chamber lighting colors (Glowing sky-blue for compressed air)
                const airColor = 'rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.35)';
                const neutralColor = 'rgba(241, 245, 249, 0.15)';
                let leftChamber = neutralColor;
                let rightChamber = neutralColor;
                if (state.direction === 1) {
                    leftChamber = airColor;
                } else {
                    rightChamber = airColor;
                }
                // Helper spawn
                function spawnExhaustAtPort(px, py) {
                    for (let e = 0; e < 15; e++) {
                        const vx = (Math.random() - 0.5) * 12;
                        const vy = (0.5 + Math.random() * 3) * 15; // blow down
                        state.exhaustBubbles.push(new ExhaustBubble(px, py + 8 * scale, vx, vy));
                    }
                }
                // 1. Draw Left and Right Chambers
                ctx.save();
                ctx.fillStyle = leftChamber;
                ctx.fillRect(cylLeft + 3 * scale, cylTop + 3 * scale, pistonLeft - cylLeft - 3 * scale, cylH - 6 * scale);
                ctx.fillStyle = rightChamber;
                ctx.fillRect(pistonLeft + pistonThick, cylTop + 3 * scale, cylLeft + cylL - pistonLeft - pistonThick - 3 * scale, cylH - 6 * scale);
                ctx.restore();
                // 2. Draw rod (Extend steel rod out)
                ctx.save();
                const rodGrad = ctx.createLinearGradient(pistonLeft, cy - rodH/2, pistonLeft, cy + rodH/2);
                rodGrad.addColorStop(0, '#f8fafc');
                rodGrad.addColorStop(0.3, '#e2e8f0');
                rodGrad.addColorStop(0.6, '#94a3b8');
                rodGrad.addColorStop(1, '#475569');
                ctx.fillStyle = rodGrad;
                ctx.fillRect(pistonLeft + pistonThick, cy - rodH/2, rodLength, rodH);
                ctx.strokeStyle = '#475569';
                ctx.lineWidth = 1.5;
                ctx.strokeRect(pistonLeft + pistonThick, cy - rodH/2, rodLength, rodH);
                ctx.restore();
                // 3. Draw Piston block inside
                ctx.save();
                const pistonGrad = ctx.createLinearGradient(pistonLeft, cylTop, pistonLeft + pistonThick, cylTop);
                pistonGrad.addColorStop(0, '#64748b');
                pistonGrad.addColorStop(0.5, '#f1f5f9');
                pistonGrad.addColorStop(1, '#334155');
                ctx.fillStyle = pistonGrad;
                ctx.fillRect(pistonLeft, cylTop + 2 * scale, pistonThick, cylH - 4 * scale);
                ctx.strokeStyle = '#1e293b';
                ctx.lineWidth = 2 * scale;
                ctx.strokeRect(pistonLeft, cylTop + 2 * scale, pistonThick, cylH - 4 * scale);
                // Cyan dynamic seals
                ctx.fillStyle = '#0284c7';
                ctx.fillRect(pistonLeft + 3 * scale, cylTop + 2 * scale, 4 * scale, 3 * scale);
                ctx.fillRect(pistonLeft + 3 * scale, cylBottom - 5 * scale, 4 * scale, 3 * scale);
                ctx.fillRect(pistonLeft + 13 * scale, cylTop + 2 * scale, 4 * scale, 3 * scale);
                ctx.fillRect(pistonLeft + 13 * scale, cylBottom - 5 * scale, 4 * scale, 3 * scale);
                ctx.restore();
                // 4. Draw Cylinder sleeve with Tie-rods (premium modern industrial look)
                ctx.save();
                ctx.strokeStyle = '#64748b';
                ctx.lineWidth = 4 * scale;
                // Tie-rods (top and bottom horizontal bars running slightly offset)
                ctx.strokeStyle = '#94a3b8';
                ctx.lineWidth = 2.5 * scale;
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.moveTo(cylLeft - 10 * scale, cylTop - 6 * scale);
                ctx.lineTo(cylLeft + cylL + 10 * scale, cylTop - 6 * scale);
                ctx.moveTo(cylLeft - 10 * scale, cylBottom + 6 * scale);
                ctx.lineTo(cylLeft + cylL + 10 * scale, cylBottom + 6 * scale);
                ctx.stroke();
                // Tie-rod nuts
                ctx.fillStyle = '#64748b';
                ctx.fillRect(cylLeft - 14 * scale, cylTop - 9 * scale, 6 * scale, 6 * scale);
                ctx.fillRect(cylLeft - 14 * scale, cylBottom + 3 * scale, 6 * scale, 6 * scale);
                ctx.fillRect(cylLeft + cylL + 8 * scale, cylTop - 9 * scale, 6 * scale, 6 * scale);
                ctx.fillRect(cylLeft + cylL + 8 * scale, cylBottom + 3 * scale, 6 * scale, 6 * scale);
                // Main casing tube
                ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3)';
                ctx.strokeStyle = '#475569';
                ctx.lineWidth = 4 * scale;
                ctx.strokeRect(cylLeft, cylTop, cylL, cylH);
                // Cap end (left aluminum block)
                ctx.fillStyle = '#cbd5e1';
                ctx.fillRect(cylLeft - 6 * scale, cylTop - 3 * scale, 14 * scale, cylH + 6 * scale);
                ctx.strokeRect(cylLeft - 6 * scale, cylTop - 3 * scale, 14 * scale, cylH + 6 * scale);
                // Rod end cover (right block with gap for rod)
                ctx.fillRect(cylLeft + cylL - 8 * scale, cylTop - 3 * scale, 14 * scale, cylH + 6 * scale);
                ctx.strokeRect(cylLeft + cylL - 8 * scale, cylTop - 3 * scale, 14 * scale, cylH + 6 * scale);
                // Oil ports
                ctx.fillStyle = '#334155';
                ctx.fillRect(cylLeft + 20 * scale, cylBottom, 14 * scale, 8 * scale);
                ctx.fillRect(cylLeft + cylL - 34 * scale, cylBottom, 14 * scale, 8 * scale);
                ctx.restore();
                // 5. Draw active air venting bubbles
                ctx.save();
                ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.6)';
                state.exhaustBubbles = state.exhaustBubbles.filter(function(b) { return b.life > 0; });
                state.exhaustBubbles.forEach(function(b) {
                    b.x += b.vx * dt * 25 * scale;
                    b.y += b.vy * dt * 25 * scale;
                    b.vy += 0.5 * dt * scale; // slight downward drift
                    b.life -= b.decay;
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.arc(b.x, b.y, b.size * scale, 0, Math.PI * 2);
                    ctx.fill();
                });
                ctx.restore();
                // 6. Draw pneumatic flow vector signals
                ctx.save();
                ctx.strokeStyle = '#0284c7';
                ctx.fillStyle = '#0284c7';
                ctx.lineWidth = 3 * scale;
                if (state.direction === 1) {
                    // Left port: input air flow arrows
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.moveTo(cylLeft + 27 * scale, cylBottom + 20 * scale);
                    ctx.lineTo(cylLeft + 27 * scale, cylBottom + 4 * scale);
                    ctx.lineTo(cylLeft + 23 * scale, cylBottom + 10 * scale);
                    ctx.moveTo(cylLeft + 27 * scale, cylBottom + 4 * scale);
                    ctx.lineTo(cylLeft + 31 * scale, cylBottom + 10 * scale);
                    ctx.stroke();
                    // Right port: exhaust air escaping arrow
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.moveTo(cylLeft + cylL - 27 * scale, cylBottom + 4 * scale);
                    ctx.lineTo(cylLeft + cylL - 27 * scale, cylBottom + 20 * scale);
                    ctx.lineTo(cylLeft + cylL - 31 * scale, cylBottom + 14 * scale);
                    ctx.moveTo(cylLeft + cylL - 27 * scale, cylBottom + 20 * scale);
                    ctx.lineTo(cylLeft + cylL - 23 * scale, cylBottom + 14 * scale);
                    ctx.stroke();
                } else {
                    // Right port: input air flow arrows
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.moveTo(cylLeft + cylL - 27 * scale, cylBottom + 20 * scale);
                    ctx.lineTo(cylLeft + cylL - 27 * scale, cylBottom + 4 * scale);
                    ctx.lineTo(cylLeft + cylL - 31 * scale, cylBottom + 10 * scale);
                    ctx.moveTo(cylLeft + cylL - 27 * scale, cylBottom + 4 * scale);
                    ctx.lineTo(cylLeft + cylL - 23 * scale, cylBottom + 10 * scale);
                    ctx.stroke();
                    // Left port: exhaust escaping
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.moveTo(cylLeft + 27 * scale, cylBottom + 4 * scale);
                    ctx.lineTo(cylLeft + 27 * scale, cylBottom + 20 * scale);
                    ctx.lineTo(cylLeft + 23 * scale, cylBottom + 14 * scale);
                    ctx.moveTo(cylLeft + 27 * scale, cylBottom + 20 * scale);
                    ctx.lineTo(cylLeft + 31 * scale, cylBottom + 14 * scale);
                    ctx.stroke();
                }
                ctx.restore();
                // 7. Draw dimension annotations (D, d, S)
                ctx.save();
                ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(100, 116, 139, 0.4)';
                ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(100, 116, 139, 0.6)';
                ctx.lineWidth = 1;
                function drawArrowhead(ctx, x, y, angle, size = 5) {
                    ctx.save();
                    ctx.translate(x, y);
                    ctx.rotate(angle);
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.moveTo(0, 0);
                    ctx.lineTo(-size, -size * 0.4);
                    ctx.lineTo(-size * 0.8, 0);
                    ctx.lineTo(-size, size * 0.4);
                    ctx.closePath();
                    ctx.fill();
                    ctx.restore();
                }
                // 1. Bore Diameter D (Vertical line on the left)
                const dLineX = cylLeft - 22;
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.moveTo(cylLeft, cylTop);
                ctx.lineTo(dLineX - 4, cylTop);
                ctx.moveTo(cylLeft, cylBottom);
                ctx.lineTo(dLineX - 4, cylBottom);
                ctx.stroke();
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.moveTo(dLineX, cylTop);
                ctx.lineTo(dLineX, cylBottom);
                ctx.stroke();
                drawArrowhead(ctx, dLineX, cylTop, -Math.PI / 2, 5);
                drawArrowhead(ctx, dLineX, cylBottom, Math.PI / 2, 5);
                ctx.save();
                ctx.translate(dLineX - 6, cy);
                ctx.rotate(-Math.PI / 2);
                ctx.textAlign = 'center';
                ctx.textBaseline = 'bottom';
                ctx.fillStyle = '#475569';
                ctx.font = '500 11px Inter, sans-serif';
                ctx.fillText(`D = ${state.d} mm`, 0, 0);
                ctx.restore();
                // 2. Rod Diameter d (Vertical line on the right)
                const rodRight = pistonLeft + pistonThick + rodLength;
                const dRodLineX = rodRight + 12;
                const rodTop = cy - rodH / 2;
                const rodBottom = cy + rodH / 2;
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.moveTo(rodRight, rodTop);
                ctx.lineTo(dRodLineX + 4, rodTop);
                ctx.moveTo(rodRight, rodBottom);
                ctx.lineTo(dRodLineX + 4, rodBottom);
                ctx.stroke();
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.moveTo(dRodLineX, rodTop);
                ctx.lineTo(dRodLineX, rodBottom);
                ctx.stroke();
                if (rodH >= 12) {
                    drawArrowhead(ctx, dRodLineX, rodTop, -Math.PI / 2, 4);
                    drawArrowhead(ctx, dRodLineX, rodBottom, Math.PI / 2, 4);
                }
                ctx.save();
                ctx.translate(dRodLineX + 6, cy);
                ctx.textAlign = 'left';
                ctx.textBaseline = 'middle';
                ctx.fillStyle = '#475569';
                ctx.font = '500 11px Inter, sans-serif';
                ctx.fillText(`d = ${state.rod} mm`, 0, 0);
                ctx.restore();
                // 3. Stroke S (Horizontal line on top)
                const sLineY = cylTop - 18;
                const sStart = cylLeft + 3;
                const sEnd = cylLeft + 3 + maxTravel;
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.moveTo(sStart, cylTop);
                ctx.lineTo(sStart, sLineY - 4);
                ctx.moveTo(sEnd, cylTop);
                ctx.lineTo(sEnd, sLineY - 4);
                ctx.stroke();
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.moveTo(sStart, sLineY);
                ctx.lineTo(sEnd, sLineY);
                ctx.stroke();
                drawArrowhead(ctx, sStart, sLineY, Math.PI, 5);
                drawArrowhead(ctx, sEnd, sLineY, 0, 5);
                ctx.save();
                ctx.translate((sStart + sEnd) / 2, sLineY - 6);
                ctx.textAlign = 'center';
                ctx.textBaseline = 'bottom';
                ctx.fillStyle = '#475569';
                ctx.font = '500 11px Inter, sans-serif';
                ctx.fillText(`S = ${state.stroke} mm`, 0, 0);
                ctx.restore();
                ctx.restore();
                // Restore outer auto-zoom scale state
                ctx.restore();
            }
            // Copy & right click block with nested if
            document.addEventListener('contextmenu', function(e) {
                e.preventDefault();
                alert("이 콘텐츠는 저작권법의 보호를 받습니다. 무단 복제 및 우클릭을 금지합니다.");
                return false;
            }, { capture: true });
            document.addEventListener('selectstart', function(e) {
                e.preventDefault();
                return false;
            }, { capture: true });
            document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) {
                if (e.key === 'F12') {
                    e.preventDefault();
                    alert("이 콘텐츠는 저작권법의 보호를 받습니다. 무단 복제 및 우클릭을 금지합니다.");
                    return false;
                }
                if (e.ctrlKey) {
                    if (e.key === 'u' || e.key === 'c' || e.key === 's' || e.key === 'U' || e.key === 'C' || e.key === 'S') {
                        e.preventDefault();
                        alert("이 콘텐츠는 저작권법의 보호를 받습니다. 무단 복제 및 우클릭을 금지합니다.");
                        return false;
                    }
                    if (e.shiftKey) {
                        if (['i','I','j','J','c','C'].includes(e.key)) {
                            e.preventDefault();
                            alert("이 콘텐츠는 저작권법의 보호를 받습니다. 무단 복제 및 우클릭을 금지합니다.");
                            return false;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }, { capture: true });
            // Initialize
            loadPreset('pickplace');
            requestAnimationFrame(draw);
        })();
</script>


<div style="background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(0,242,254,0.03), rgba(138,43,226,0.03)); border: 1px solid rgba(0,242,254,0.15); border-radius: 12px; padding: 18px 24px; margin: 25px auto 35px auto; font-size: 0.95em; color: #4b5563; line-height: 1.7; font-family: sans-serif;">
    <strong style="color: #1f2937; font-size: 1.05em; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px;">
        <span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f4a1.png" alt="💡" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></span> 간편 사용 설명서
    </strong>
    <ol style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; padding-left: 20px;">
        <li style="margin-bottom: 6px;"><strong>실린더 물리 형상 설정: 실린더 보어 내경(mm), 피스톤 로드 지름(mm) 및 구동할 스트로크 행정 길이(mm)를 결정합니다.</strong></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 6px;">제어용 공기 공급 조건 입력: 자동화 장비의 공급 공기 압력(bar) 및 분당 실린더의 구동 빈도(Cycle/min)를 설정합니다.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 6px;">실시간 압축공기 분사 및 피스톤 거동 확인: 행정에 동기화하여 압축 에어가 유입되고 실린더가 매끄럽게 왕복 작동하며, 배기 포트에서 여분의 에어가 소모 배출되는 과정을 시각적으로 목격합니다.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 6px;">공기 소모량 정량 판독: 계측 보드에서 토출되는 대기압 환산 분당 에어 소모량(NL/min)을 확인하여 공장 컴프레셔 공급 마진 및 튜브 구경 적격성을 실시간 평가합니다.</li>
    </ol>
</div>


<details class="premium-seo-accordion" style="border: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.08); border-radius: 12px; background: #fbfbfc; padding: 0; margin: 30px auto; box-shadow: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.01); font-family: sans-serif;">
    <summary style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 20px 24px; font-size: 1.1em; font-weight: 700; color: #1f2937; cursor: pointer; user-select: none; outline: none; list-style: none;">
        <span><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f4da.png" alt="📚" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 공압 실린더 이론 추력 계산 공식 및 컴프레셔 연동 대기압 환산 에어 소모량(NL/min)</span>
        <span class="accordion-arrow" style="font-size: 0.9em; color: #9ca3af; transition: transform 0.2s ease;">▼</span>
    </summary>
    <div style="padding: 0 24px 24px 24px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.04); background: #ffffff; border-radius: 0 0 12px 12px; font-size: 0.98em; color: #374151; line-height: 1.8;">
        <div style="margin-top: 20px;">
            <h3>1. 공압 실린더 작동 압력에 따른 물리적 왕복 추력(Thrust Force) 계산</h3>
<p>유압과 달리 공기압 제어는 상대적으로 저압(주로 5 ~ 7 bar)을 사용하며, 실린더 재질도 가벼운 알루미늄 합금 위주로 설계됩니다. 복동 공압 실린더의 기하학적 전진/후진 추력 공식은 유체 단면적에 공급 계장 공기 압력(<code>P</code>)을 곱하여 연산합니다.</p><p><strong>① 전진 추력 (Extend Force, F_extend):</strong></p><p style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: #e0f2fe; padding: 16px; border-radius: 8px; font-size: 1.05em; color: #0369a1;">F_extend = P_bar &times; 10&#038;sup5; &times; (&pi; &times; D&sup2; / 4 &times; 10⁻⁶) &nbsp;[N]</p><p><strong>② 후진 추력 (Retract Force, F_retract):</strong></p><p style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: #e0f2fe; padding: 16px; border-radius: 8px; font-size: 1.05em; color: #0369a1;">F_retract = P_bar &times; 10&#038;sup5; &times; (&pi; &times; (D&sup2; &#8211; d&sup2;) / 4 &times; 10⁻⁶) &nbsp;[N]</p><p>여기서 <code>D</code>는 실린더 보어 내경(mm), <code>d</code>는 로드 지름(mm), <code>P_bar</code>는 게이지 작동 압력(bar)입니다. <code>1 kgf &approx; 9.80665 N</code> 단위 관계를 적용하여 현장용 중량 단위로 변환해 줍니다.</p>
<h3>2. 대기압 환산 에어 소모량 (Air Consumption in Normal Liters, NL/min) 수학 공식</h3>
<p>공기압 실린더를 구동할 때 소비되는 유량계 기준의 압축에어 체적은 컴프레셔 용량을 산정하기 위해 반드시 **표준 대기압 상태(Normal State: 0℃, 1기압)로 환산된 체적 유량(NL/min)**으로 계산해야 합니다. 압력이 가해진 실린더 체적이 대기 중으로 방출되며 기하급수적으로 부풀기 때문입니다.</p><p><strong>① 절대압 압축비 (Compression Ratio, CR):</strong></p><p style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: #f3f4f6; padding: 12px; border-radius: 8px;">CR = (P_gauge + P_atm) / P_atm &approx; (P_bar + 1.013) / 1.013</p><p><strong>② 1회 왕복 주기당 Compressed 에어 체적 (V_cycle):</strong> 스트로크(<code>S</code>, mm)에 따른 실린더 전/후진 챔버 체적을 합산합니다.</p><p style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: #f3f4f6; padding: 12px; border-radius: 8px;">V_cycle [Liters] = (A_push_mm&sup2; + A_pull_mm&sup2;) &times; (S_mm / 1000) / 1,000</p><p><strong>③ 최종 대기압 환산 분당 에어 소모량 (Q_free, NL/min):</strong> 분당 왕복 사이클 속도(<code>N</code>, cycles/min)를 연동합니다.</p><p style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: #e0f2fe; padding: 16px; border-radius: 8px; font-size: 1.05em; color: #0369a1;">Q_free = V_cycle &times; CR &times; N &nbsp;[NL/min]</p>
<h3>3. 실무 공압 유량 설계 및 배관 밸브 선정 제약</h3>
<p>계산된 공기 소모량(<code>NL/min</code>)은 실린더를 움직이는 솔레노이드 밸브(Solenoid Valve)의 유량 통과 능력 계수인 **Cv값(또는 유효단면적 S)**을 결정하는 직결 척도입니다. 소모 유량에 비해 밸브나 에어 튜브 호스의 구경이 너무 작으면 관로 저항으로 인해 실린더가 설계 속도대로 작동하지 못하고 반응이 현저히 지연되므로 반드시 본 연산 데이터를 가이드라인으로 활용해야 합니다.</p>
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