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<channel>
	<title>동당량하중 &#8211; MyEngNote</title>
	<atom:link href="https://myengnote.com/tag/%eb%8f%99%eb%8b%b9%eb%9f%89%ed%95%98%ec%a4%91/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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	<lastBuildDate>Thu, 28 May 2026 23:33:39 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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		<title>베어링 수명 계산기 &#038; 시뮬레이터</title>
		<link>https://myengnote.com/bearing-life-calculator-simulator/</link>
					<comments>https://myengnote.com/bearing-life-calculator-simulator/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[동동]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 28 May 2026 14:24:13 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[공학계산기]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ISO281]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[L10수명]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[기계설계]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[동당량하중]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[베어링수명]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://myengnote.com/bearing-life-calculator-simulator/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[ISO 281 규격에 의거하여 볼/롤러 베어링의 동당량 하중과 정격 수명(L10h)을 계산하고, 부하 벡터에 따른 궤도면 접촉 응력 분포와 윤활 유동을 시각화하는 초정밀 2D 시뮬레이터입니다.]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h2 style="font-size: 1.6em; font-weight: 800; color: #0c0e25; border-bottom: 2px solid #00f2fe; padding-bottom: 8px; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f680.png" alt="🚀" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 베어링 수명 계산기 &#038; 시뮬레이터</h2>



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            color: #0284c7;
            font-size: 13px;
            background: #f8fafc;
            border-color: var(--color-border);
            padding: 8px 10px;
            border-radius: 6px;
        }

        /* Container Query for Responsiveness inside WP */
        @container bearinglife-container (max-width: 1050px) {
            .app-main-grid {
                grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
                gap: 20px;
            }
            .control-panel { grid-column: 1; }
            .right-column { grid-column: 2; }
        }
        @container bearinglife-container (max-width: 768px) {
            .app-main-grid {
                grid-template-columns: 1fr;
            }
            .control-panel { grid-column: 1; }
            .right-column { grid-column: 1; order: -1; }
        }
    
</style>

<div class="bearinglife-calculator-wrapper" style="position: relative; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow: hidden; margin: 30px auto; border-radius: 20px;">
    <div class="app-background-glow" style="position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; z-index: 1; pointer-events: none; overflow: hidden;"></div>
    <div style="position: relative; z-index: 2; width: 100%;">
        
    
    
    <div class="app-container">
        <!-- Header -->
        <header class="app-header">
            <div class="logo-area">
                <div class="logo-icon"><i class="fa-solid fa-compact-disc"></i></div>
                <div>
                    <h1>BEARING LIFE</h1>
                    <div class="subtitle">베어링 정격 수명 계산기 및 2D 회전 시뮬레이터</div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="header-badge">
                <div class="pulse-dot"></div>
                <div class="badge-text">ISO 281 ENGINE ACTIVE</div>
            </div>
        </header>

        <!-- Main Layout Grid -->
        <main class="app-main-grid">
            <!-- Left Panel: Controls -->
            <section class="panel control-panel">
                <div class="panel-header">
                    <i class="fa-solid fa-sliders text-cyan"></i>
                    <h2>베어링 설계 변수</h2>
                </div>

                <!-- Bearing Type -->
                <div class="mode-select-container">
                    <span class="mode-label">베어링 전동체 형식</span>
                    <div class="segmented-control">
                        <button class="segmented-btn active" id="btn-type-ball" title="볼 베어링">볼 베어링 (p=3)</button>
                        <button class="segmented-btn" id="btn-type-roller" title="롤러 베어링">롤러 베어링 (p=3.33)</button>
                    </div>
                </div>

                <!-- Dynamic Load Rating C -->
                <div class="input-group">
                    <div class="input-label-row">
                        <label for="input-c"><i class="fa-solid fa-shield-halved text-cyan"></i> 동 정격 하중 (C)</label>
                        <span class="helper-text">(10.0 ~ 500.0 kN)</span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="number-input-wrapper">
                        <input type="number" id="input-c" class="custom-number-input" min="10" max="500" value="45" step="any">
                        <div class="unit-badge">kN</div>
                    </div>
                    <input type="range" id="slider-c" class="custom-slider slider-cyan" min="10" max="500" value="45">
                </div>

                <!-- Radial Load Fr -->
                <div class="input-group">
                    <div class="input-label-row">
                        <label for="input-fr"><i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-down text-magenta"></i> 반경방향 하중 (Fr)</label>
                        <span class="helper-text">(1.0 ~ 200.0 kN)</span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="number-input-wrapper">
                        <input type="number" id="input-fr" class="custom-number-input" min="1" max="200" value="12" step="any">
                        <div class="unit-badge">kN</div>
                    </div>
                    <input type="range" id="slider-fr" class="custom-slider slider-magenta" min="1" max="200" value="12">
                </div>

                <!-- Axial Load Fa -->
                <div class="input-group">
                    <div class="input-label-row">
                        <label for="input-fa"><i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-right-long text-magenta"></i> 축방향 하중 (Fa)</label>
                        <span class="helper-text">(0.0 ~ 200.0 kN)</span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="number-input-wrapper">
                        <input type="number" id="input-fa" class="custom-number-input" min="0" max="200" value="3.5" step="any">
                        <div class="unit-badge">kN</div>
                    </div>
                    <input type="range" id="slider-fa" class="custom-slider slider-magenta" min="0" max="200" value="3.5">
                </div>

                <!-- Speed N -->
                <div class="input-group">
                    <div class="input-label-row">
                        <label for="input-rpm"><i class="fa-solid fa-gauge-high text-purple"></i> 샤프트 회전수 (N)</label>
                        <span class="helper-text">(10 ~ 10000 RPM)</span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="number-input-wrapper">
                        <input type="number" id="input-rpm" class="custom-number-input" min="10" max="10000" value="1750" step="any">
                        <div class="unit-badge">RPM</div>
                    </div>
                    <input type="range" id="slider-rpm" class="custom-slider slider-purple" min="10" max="10000" value="1750">
                </div>

                <!-- Shock factor selection -->
                <div class="input-group">
                    <div class="input-label-row">
                        <label for="select-fd"><i class="fa-solid fa-circle-exclamation text-purple"></i> 운전 하중 계수 (fd)</label>
                    </div>
                    <div class="select-wrapper">
                        <select id="select-fd" class="custom-select">
                            <option value="1.0">1.0 (정밀 가동, 무충격)</option>
                            <option value="1.2" selected>1.2 (일반 가동, 미세 충격)</option>
                            <option value="1.5">1.5 (고진동 장치, 강한 충격)</option>
                            <option value="2.0">2.0 (극심한 반복 충격 운전)</option>
                        </select>
                        <i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-down select-arrow"></i>
                    </div>
                </div>

                <!-- Presets -->
                <div class="presets-section">
                    <h3><i class="fa-solid fa-tags text-cyan"></i> 베어링 적용 프리셋</h3>
                    <div class="presets-grid">
                        <button class="preset-btn active" id="preset-motor">
                            <div class="preset-icon"><i class="fa-solid fa-bolt"></i></div>
                            <div class="preset-name">고속 산업 모터 (깊은홈볼, 경하중)</div>
                        </button>
                        <button class="preset-btn" id="preset-turbine">
                            <div class="preset-icon"><i class="fa-solid fa-wind"></i></div>
                            <div class="preset-name">풍력 메인 축 (롤러, 초고하중 저속)</div>
                        </button>
                        <button class="preset-btn" id="preset-wheel">
                            <div class="preset-icon"><i class="fa-solid fa-car"></i></div>
                            <div class="preset-name">자동차 휠 허브 (볼, 축-반경 혼합부하)</div>
                        </button>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </section>

            <!-- Right Column: Simulator & Results -->
            <div class="right-column">
                <!-- Center Panel: Physics Simulator -->
                <section class="panel simulation-panel">
                <div class="panel-header">
                    <i class="fa-solid fa-dharmachakra text-magenta"></i>
                    <h2>실시간 베어링 거동 및 접촉 응력 해석</h2>
                </div>
                
                <div class="canvas-wrapper">
                    <canvas id="physics-canvas" width="640" height="400"></canvas>
                    <div class="canvas-overlay-data">
                        <div class="overlay-item">
                            <span class="label">베어링 형식:</span>
                            <span class="value" id="overlay-bearing-type">Ball Bearing</span>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>

                <div class="simulation-metrics-strip">
                    <div class="mini-metric">
                        <span class="label">반경/축 하중비 (Fa/Fr)</span>
                        <span class="value" id="val-load-ratio">0.29</span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="mini-divider"></div>
                    <div class="mini-metric">
                        <span class="label">동당량 하중 (P)</span>
                        <span class="value" id="val-equiv-load">16.68 kN</span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="mini-divider"></div>
                    <div class="mini-metric">
                        <span class="label">전동체 궤도 회전 속도</span>
                        <span class="value" id="val-cage-speed">700 RPM</span>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </section>

            <!-- Right Panel: Results Analysis -->
            <section class="panel results-panel">
                <div class="panel-header">
                    <i class="fa-solid fa-chart-line text-cyan"></i>
                    <h2>정격 수명 계산 분석서</h2>
                </div>

                <div class="ratio-readout-box">
                    <div class="ratio-title">계산된 정격 수명 (L10h)</div>
                    <div class="ratio-value" id="txt-l10h">18,630 시간</div>
                    <div class="ratio-type" id="txt-l10">1,956 백만회 회전</div>
                </div>

                <div class="results-grid">
                    <div class="result-card">
                        <div class="card-icon"><i class="fa-solid fa-weight-hanging"></i></div>
                        <div class="card-content">
                            <span class="card-unit">설계 기본동적하중 (C)</span>
                            <span class="card-value" id="res-c">45.00 kN</span>
                        </div>
                    </div>

                    <div class="result-card">
                        <div class="card-icon"><i class="fa-solid fa-arrows-spin"></i></div>
                        <div class="card-content">
                            <span class="card-unit">정적 동당량 하중 (P)</span>
                            <span class="card-value" id="res-p">16.68 kN</span>
                        </div>
                    </div>

                    <div class="result-card">
                        <div class="card-icon"><i class="fa-solid fa-hourglass-half"></i></div>
                        <div class="card-content">
                            <span class="card-unit">수명 적합성 판정</span>
                            <span class="card-value" id="res-status" style="color: var(--color-success);">적합 (일반 산업용)</span>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>

                <div class="formula-card">
                    <h4><i class="fa-solid fa-info-circle text-cyan"></i> 정격수명 공식 (ISO 281)</h4>
                    <div class="formula-equation">
                        L10 = (C / P)^p &nbsp;&nbsp;[p=3 or 3.33]
                    </div>
                    <div class="formula-equation">
                        L10h = (10^6 × L10) / (60 × N)
                    </div>
                </div>
            </section>
        </div>
    </main>
    </div>

    <!-- CORE INTERACTIVE ENGINE -->
    <script>
        (function() {
            if (window.__bearinglife_initialized) return;
            window.__bearinglife_initialized = true;

            const btnTypeBall = document.getElementById('btn-type-ball');
            const btnTypeRoller = document.getElementById('btn-type-roller');

            const inputC = document.getElementById('input-c');
            const sliderC = document.getElementById('slider-c');
            const inputFr = document.getElementById('input-fr');
            const sliderFr = document.getElementById('slider-fr');
            const inputFa = document.getElementById('input-fa');
            const sliderFa = document.getElementById('slider-fa');
            const inputRpm = document.getElementById('input-rpm');
            const sliderRpm = document.getElementById('slider-rpm');
            const selectFd = document.getElementById('select-fd');

            const txtL10h = document.getElementById('txt-l10h');
            const txtL10 = document.getElementById('txt-l10');
            const valLoadRatio = document.getElementById('val-load-ratio');
            const valEquivLoad = document.getElementById('val-equiv-load');
            const valCageSpeed = document.getElementById('val-cage-speed');

            const resC = document.getElementById('res-c');
            const resP = document.getElementById('res-p');
            const resStatus = document.getElementById('res-status');
            const overlayBearingType = document.getElementById('overlay-bearing-type');

            const state = {
                type: 'ball', // 'ball' or 'roller'
                c: 45.0,
                fr: 12.0,
                fa: 3.5,
                rpm: 1750,
                fd: 1.2,
                angle: 0.0,
                lubricants: []
            };

            const ranges = {
                c: { min: 10.0, max: 500.0 },
                fr: { min: 1.0, max: 200.0 },
                fa: { min: 0.0, max: 200.0 },
                rpm: { min: 10.0, max: 10000.0 }
            };

            function calculateBearingLife() {
                let p_exponent = 3.0;
                if (state.type === 'roller') {
                    p_exponent = 3.333333;
                }

                let ratio = 0.0;
                if (state.fr > 0) {
                    ratio = state.fa / state.fr;
                } else {
                    ratio = 9999.0;
                }

                let X = 1.0;
                let Y = 0.0;
                if (state.type === 'ball') {
                    if (ratio > 0.25) {
                        X = 0.56;
                        Y = 1.4;
                    }
                } else {
                    if (ratio > 0.3) {
                        X = 0.4;
                        Y = 1.6;
                    }
                }

                const P_raw = X * state.fr + Y * state.fa;
                const P = state.fd * P_raw;

                let L10_rev = 0.0;
                if (P > 0) {
                    L10_rev = Math.pow(state.c / P, p_exponent);
                }

                const L10h_hours = (1000000.0 * L10_rev) / (60.0 * state.rpm);

                state.equivLoad = P;
                state.l10 = L10_rev;
                state.l10h = L10h_hours;
                state.loadRatio = ratio;

                updateUIValues();
            }

            function syncCFromInput() {
                let val = parseFloat(inputC.value);
                if (isNaN(val)) { val = ranges.c.min; }
                if (val < ranges.c.min) { val = ranges.c.min; }
                if (val > ranges.c.max) { val = ranges.c.max; }
                state.c = val;
                inputC.value = val.toFixed(1);
                sliderC.value = Math.round(val);
                calculateBearingLife();
            }
            function syncCFromSlider() {
                state.c = parseFloat(sliderC.value);
                inputC.value = state.c.toFixed(1);
                calculateBearingLife();
            }

            function syncFrFromInput() {
                let val = parseFloat(inputFr.value);
                if (isNaN(val)) { val = ranges.fr.min; }
                if (val < ranges.fr.min) { val = ranges.fr.min; }
                if (val > ranges.fr.max) { val = ranges.fr.max; }
                state.fr = val;
                inputFr.value = val.toFixed(1);
                sliderFr.value = Math.round(val);
                calculateBearingLife();
            }
            function syncFrFromSlider() {
                state.fr = parseFloat(sliderFr.value);
                inputFr.value = state.fr.toFixed(1);
                calculateBearingLife();
            }

            function syncFaFromInput() {
                let val = parseFloat(inputFa.value);
                if (isNaN(val)) { val = ranges.fa.min; }
                if (val < ranges.fa.min) { val = ranges.fa.min; }
                if (val > ranges.fa.max) { val = ranges.fa.max; }
                state.fa = val;
                inputFa.value = val.toFixed(1);
                sliderFa.value = Math.round(val);
                calculateBearingLife();
            }
            function syncFaFromSlider() {
                state.fa = parseFloat(sliderFa.value);
                inputFa.value = state.fa.toFixed(1);
                calculateBearingLife();
            }

            function syncRpmFromInput() {
                let val = parseFloat(inputRpm.value);
                if (isNaN(val)) { val = ranges.rpm.min; }
                if (val < ranges.rpm.min) { val = ranges.rpm.min; }
                if (val > ranges.rpm.max) { val = ranges.rpm.max; }
                state.rpm = val;
                inputRpm.value = val.toFixed(0);
                sliderRpm.value = Math.round(val);
                calculateBearingLife();
            }
            function syncRpmFromSlider() {
                state.rpm = parseFloat(sliderRpm.value);
                inputRpm.value = state.rpm.toFixed(0);
                calculateBearingLife();
            }

            function updateUIValues() {
                txtL10h.innerText = state.l10h.toLocaleString('ko-KR', { maximumFractionDigits: 0 }) + ' 시간';
                txtL10.innerText = state.l10.toLocaleString('ko-KR', { maximumFractionDigits: 1 }) + ' 백만회 회전';

                valLoadRatio.innerText = state.loadRatio.toFixed(2);
                valEquivLoad.innerText = state.equivLoad.toFixed(2) + ' kN';
                
                const cageRPM = state.rpm * 0.4;
                valCageSpeed.innerText = cageRPM.toFixed(0) + ' RPM';

                resC.innerText = state.c.toFixed(2) + ' kN';
                resP.innerText = state.equivLoad.toFixed(2) + ' kN';

                if (state.l10h < 2000.0) {
                    resStatus.innerText = '위험 (단기 피로 파손 우려)';
                    resStatus.style.color = '#db2777';
                } else {
                    if (state.l10h < 10000.0) {
                        resStatus.innerText = '보통 (경부하 간헐 가동)';
                        resStatus.style.color = '#f59e0b';
                    } else {
                        resStatus.innerText = '적합 (안정적 설계 수명)';
                        resStatus.style.color = '#10b981';
                    }
                }

                if (state.type === 'ball') {
                    overlayBearingType.innerText = '깊은 홈 볼 베어링 (Ball Bearing)';
                } else {
                    overlayBearingType.innerText = '원통형 롤러 베어링 (Roller Bearing)';
                }
            }

            function setBearingType(newType) {
                state.type = newType;
                if (newType === 'ball') {
                    btnTypeBall.classList.add('active');
                    btnTypeRoller.classList.remove('active');
                } else {
                    btnTypeRoller.classList.add('active');
                    btnTypeBall.classList.remove('active');
                }
                calculateBearingLife();
            }

            // Presets
            document.getElementById('preset-motor').addEventListener('click', function() {
                setActivePreset('preset-motor');
                state.c = 32.0;
                state.fr = 5.0;
                state.fa = 1.0;
                state.rpm = 3000;
                state.fd = 1.0;
                syncInputsToState();
                setBearingType('ball');
            });

            document.getElementById('preset-turbine').addEventListener('click', function() {
                setActivePreset('preset-turbine');
                state.c = 380.0;
                state.fr = 140.0;
                state.fa = 45.0;
                state.rpm = 25;
                state.fd = 1.5;
                syncInputsToState();
                setBearingType('roller');
            });

            document.getElementById('preset-wheel').addEventListener('click', function() {
                setActivePreset('preset-wheel');
                state.c = 68.0;
                state.fr = 18.0;
                state.fa = 15.0;
                state.rpm = 950;
                state.fd = 1.2;
                syncInputsToState();
                setBearingType('ball');
            });

            function setActivePreset(id) {
                document.getElementById('preset-motor').classList.remove('active');
                document.getElementById('preset-turbine').classList.remove('active');
                document.getElementById('preset-wheel').classList.remove('active');
                document.getElementById(id).classList.add('active');
            }

            function syncInputsToState() {
                inputC.value = state.c.toFixed(1);
                sliderC.value = Math.round(state.c);
                inputFr.value = state.fr.toFixed(1);
                sliderFr.value = Math.round(state.fr);
                inputFa.value = state.fa.toFixed(1);
                sliderFa.value = Math.round(state.fa);
                inputRpm.value = state.rpm;
                sliderRpm.value = state.rpm;
                selectFd.value = state.fd.toFixed(1);
            }

            // Canvas Drawing
            const canvas = document.getElementById('physics-canvas');
            const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');

            function getDPR() {
                return window.devicePixelRatio || 1;
            }

            function initCanvas() {
                const dpr = getDPR();
                const rect = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
                canvas.width = rect.width * dpr;
                canvas.height = rect.height * dpr;
                ctx.scale(dpr, dpr);
            }

            window.addEventListener('resize', initCanvas);
            initCanvas();

            // Setup initial lubricants
            for (let i = 0; i < 40; i++) {
                state.lubricants.push({
                    r: Math.random() * 25 + 50,
                    angle: Math.random() * Math.PI * 2,
                    speed: Math.random() * 0.02 + 0.01,
                    size: Math.random() * 2 + 1
                });
            }

            let lastTime = 0;
            function animate(currentTime) {
                if (lastTime === 0) { lastTime = currentTime; }
                const dt = (currentTime - lastTime) / 1000;
                lastTime = currentTime;

                const dpr = getDPR();
                const width = canvas.width / dpr;
                const height = canvas.height / dpr;

                // Speed calculations
                const cageSpeed = (2.0 * Math.PI * state.rpm * 0.4) / 60.0;
                const shaftSpeed = (2.0 * Math.PI * state.rpm) / 60.0;

                state.angle += cageSpeed * dt;

                ctx.clearRect(0, 0, width, height);

                // 1. Grid
                ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.05)';
                ctx.lineWidth = 1;
                const gridSize = 25;
                for (let x = 0; x < width; x += gridSize) {
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.moveTo(x, 0);
                    ctx.lineTo(x, height);
                    ctx.stroke();
                }
                for (let y = 0; y < height; y += gridSize) {
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.moveTo(0, y);
                    ctx.lineTo(width, y);
                    ctx.stroke();
                }

                // Center position &#038; Dynamic Scale
                const cx = width / 2;
                const cy = height / 2;
                const baseSize = Math.min(width, height);
                const scale = (baseSize / 400) * 0.92;

                // 2. Outer Ring
                ctx.save();
                ctx.strokeStyle = '#475569';
                ctx.lineWidth = 14 * scale;
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.arc(cx, cy, 95 * scale, 0, Math.PI * 2);
                ctx.stroke();
                ctx.restore();

                // 3. Inner Ring
                ctx.save();
                ctx.strokeStyle = '#94a3b8';
                ctx.lineWidth = 14 * scale;
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.arc(cx, cy, 48 * scale, 0, Math.PI * 2);
                ctx.stroke();
                
                // Draw shaft rotation indicators
                ctx.translate(cx, cy);
                ctx.rotate(state.angle * 2.5); // rotates faster than cage
                ctx.fillStyle = '#1e293b';
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.arc(0, 0, 41 * scale, 0, Math.PI * 2);
                ctx.fill();

                ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(255,255,255,0.15)';
                ctx.lineWidth = 4 * scale;
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.moveTo(-35 * scale, 0);
                ctx.lineTo(35 * scale, 0);
                ctx.moveTo(0, -35 * scale);
                ctx.lineTo(0, 35 * scale);
                ctx.stroke();
                ctx.restore();

                // 4. Draw Lubricants
                ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.35)';
                for (let i = 0; i < state.lubricants.length; i++) {
                    const l = state.lubricants[i];
                    l.angle += l.speed * Math.max(state.rpm / 200, 1.0) * dt * 10;
                    const lx = cx + Math.cos(l.angle) * l.r * scale;
                    const ly = cy + Math.sin(l.angle) * l.r * scale;
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.arc(lx, ly, l.size * scale, 0, Math.PI * 2);
                    ctx.fill();
                }

                // 5. Draw Stress Glow zone (Radial load pushes down on bottom)
                if (state.fr > 0) {
                    ctx.save();
                    const stressIntensity = Math.min(state.fr / 100.0, 1.0);
                    const grad = ctx.createRadialGradient(cx, cy + 30 * scale, 20 * scale, cx, cy + 85 * scale, 95 * scale);
                    grad.addColorStop(0, 'rgba(219, 39, 119, 0.0)');
                    grad.addColorStop(1, 'rgba(219, 39, 119, ' + (0.45 * stressIntensity) + ')');
                    
                    ctx.fillStyle = grad;
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.arc(cx, cy, 95 * scale, 0, Math.PI);
                    ctx.lineTo(cx, cy);
                    ctx.closePath();
                    ctx.fill();
                    ctx.restore();
                }

                // 6. Draw Rolling Elements (Balls or Rollers)
                const count = state.type === 'ball' ? 9 : 12;
                ctx.save();
                for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                    const a = state.angle + (i * Math.PI * 2) / count;
                    const rx = cx + Math.cos(a) * 71.5 * scale;
                    const ry = cy + Math.sin(a) * 71.5 * scale;

                    // Compute individual stress load
                    const angleOffset = Math.abs((a % (Math.PI * 2)) - Math.PI / 2);
                    let elementStress = 0.0;
                    if (angleOffset < Math.PI / 2) {
                        elementStress = Math.cos(angleOffset) * (state.fr / 150.0);
                    }
                    elementStress += state.fa / 200.0;
                    if (elementStress > 1.0) { elementStress = 1.0; }

                    if (state.type === 'ball') {
                        // Ball drawing
                        ctx.save();
                        ctx.beginPath();
                        ctx.arc(rx, ry, 11.5 * scale, 0, Math.PI * 2);
                        ctx.fillStyle = '#cbd5e1';
                        ctx.fill();
                        ctx.lineWidth = 1.5 * scale;
                        ctx.strokeStyle = '#475569';
                        ctx.stroke();

                        if (elementStress > 0.05) {
                            ctx.beginPath();
                            ctx.arc(rx, ry, 11.5 * scale, 0, Math.PI * 2);
                            ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(219, 39, 119, ' + (elementStress * 0.6) + ')';
                            ctx.fill();
                        }
                        ctx.restore();
                    } else {
                        // Roller drawing (rectangles)
                        ctx.save();
                        ctx.translate(rx, ry);
                        ctx.rotate(a);
                        ctx.fillStyle = '#cbd5e1';
                        ctx.beginPath();
                        ctx.roundRect(-10 * scale, -11.5 * scale, 20 * scale, 23 * scale, 3 * scale);
                        ctx.fill();
                        ctx.lineWidth = 1.5 * scale;
                        ctx.strokeStyle = '#475569';
                        ctx.stroke();

                        if (elementStress > 0.05) {
                            ctx.beginPath();
                            ctx.roundRect(-10 * scale, -11.5 * scale, 20 * scale, 23 * scale, 3 * scale);
                            ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(219, 39, 119, ' + (elementStress * 0.6) + ')';
                            ctx.fill();
                        }
                        ctx.restore();
                    }
                }
                ctx.restore();

                // 7. Load Vector Arrows
                if (state.fr > 0) {
                    ctx.save();
                    ctx.strokeStyle = '#db2777';
                    ctx.fillStyle = '#db2777';
                    ctx.lineWidth = Math.min(state.fr * 0.04 + 2, 7) * scale;
                    ctx.shadowBlur = 8 * scale;
                    ctx.shadowColor = '#db2777';

                    // Vertical arrow
                    const arrowTop = Math.max(cy - 120 * scale, 22 * scale);
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.moveTo(cx, arrowTop);
                    ctx.lineTo(cx, cy - 55 * scale);
                    ctx.stroke();

                    // Arrowhead
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.moveTo(cx, cy - 52 * scale);
                    ctx.lineTo(cx - 8 * scale, cy - 65 * scale);
                    ctx.lineTo(cx + 8 * scale, cy - 65 * scale);
                    ctx.closePath();
                    ctx.fill();

                    // Text
                    ctx.fillStyle = '#db2777';
                    ctx.font = 'bold ' + Math.max(9, Math.round(11 * scale)) + 'px Inter';
                    ctx.fillText('Radial Load Fr = ' + state.fr.toFixed(1) + ' kN', cx + 12 * scale, arrowTop + 14 * scale);
                    ctx.restore();
                }

                // Axial Arrow (Fa) pushing side-on to shaft center
                if (state.fa > 0) {
                    ctx.save();
                    ctx.strokeStyle = '#0284c7';
                    ctx.fillStyle = '#0284c7';
                    ctx.lineWidth = Math.min(state.fa * 0.04 + 2, 7) * scale;
                    ctx.shadowBlur = 8 * scale;
                    ctx.shadowColor = '#0284c7';

                    // Horizontal arrow
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.moveTo(cx - 215 * scale, cy);
                    ctx.lineTo(cx - 115 * scale, cy);
                    ctx.stroke();

                    // Arrowhead
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.moveTo(cx - 112 * scale, cy);
                    ctx.lineTo(cx - 125 * scale, cy - 8 * scale);
                    ctx.lineTo(cx - 125 * scale, cy + 8 * scale);
                    ctx.closePath();
                    ctx.fill();

                    // Text
                    ctx.fillStyle = '#0284c7';
                    ctx.font = 'bold ' + Math.max(9, Math.round(11 * scale)) + 'px Inter';
                    ctx.fillText('Axial Fa = ' + state.fa.toFixed(1) + ' kN', cx - 205 * scale, cy - 12 * scale);
                    ctx.restore();
                }

                requestAnimationFrame(animate);
            }
            requestAnimationFrame(animate);

            // Bind Event Listeners
            btnTypeBall.addEventListener('click', function() { setBearingType('ball'); });
            btnTypeRoller.addEventListener('click', function() { setBearingType('roller'); });

            inputC.addEventListener('change', syncCFromInput);
            sliderC.addEventListener('input', syncCFromSlider);
            inputFr.addEventListener('change', syncFrFromInput);
            sliderFr.addEventListener('input', syncFrFromSlider);
            inputFa.addEventListener('change', syncFaFromInput);
            sliderFa.addEventListener('input', syncFaFromSlider);
            inputRpm.addEventListener('change', syncRpmFromInput);
            sliderRpm.addEventListener('input', syncRpmFromSlider);

            selectFd.addEventListener('change', function() {
                state.fd = parseFloat(selectFd.value);
                calculateBearingLife();
            });

            // Initial Calculations
            calculateBearingLife();

            // Right click / Copy Protection
            (function() {
                function blockEvents() {
                    document.addEventListener('contextmenu', function(e) {
                        e.preventDefault();
                        alert("이 콘텐츠는 저작권법의 보호를 받습니다. 무단 복제 및 우클릭을 금지합니다.");
                        return false;
                    }, { capture: true });
                    
                    document.addEventListener('selectstart', function(e) {
                        e.preventDefault();
                        return false;
                    }, { capture: true });
                    
                    document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) {
                        if (e.key === 'F12') {
                            e.preventDefault();
                            alert("이 콘텐츠는 저작권법의 보호를 받습니다. 무단 복제 및 우클릭을 금지합니다.");
                            return false;
                        }
                        if (e.ctrlKey) {
                            if (e.key === 'u' || e.key === 'c' || e.key === 's') {
                                e.preventDefault();
                                alert("이 콘텐츠는 저작권법의 보호를 받습니다. 무단 복제 및 우클릭을 금지합니다.");
                                return false;
                            }
                        }
                    }, { capture: true });
                }
                
                if (document.readyState === 'complete' || document.readyState === 'interactive') {
                    blockEvents();
                } else {
                    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', blockEvents);
                }
            })();

        })();
    </script>

    </div>
</div>

<script>
        (function() {
            if (window.__bearinglife_initialized) return;
            window.__bearinglife_initialized = true;

            const btnTypeBall = document.getElementById('btn-type-ball');
            const btnTypeRoller = document.getElementById('btn-type-roller');

            const inputC = document.getElementById('input-c');
            const sliderC = document.getElementById('slider-c');
            const inputFr = document.getElementById('input-fr');
            const sliderFr = document.getElementById('slider-fr');
            const inputFa = document.getElementById('input-fa');
            const sliderFa = document.getElementById('slider-fa');
            const inputRpm = document.getElementById('input-rpm');
            const sliderRpm = document.getElementById('slider-rpm');
            const selectFd = document.getElementById('select-fd');

            const txtL10h = document.getElementById('txt-l10h');
            const txtL10 = document.getElementById('txt-l10');
            const valLoadRatio = document.getElementById('val-load-ratio');
            const valEquivLoad = document.getElementById('val-equiv-load');
            const valCageSpeed = document.getElementById('val-cage-speed');

            const resC = document.getElementById('res-c');
            const resP = document.getElementById('res-p');
            const resStatus = document.getElementById('res-status');
            const overlayBearingType = document.getElementById('overlay-bearing-type');

            const state = {
                type: 'ball', // 'ball' or 'roller'
                c: 45.0,
                fr: 12.0,
                fa: 3.5,
                rpm: 1750,
                fd: 1.2,
                angle: 0.0,
                lubricants: []
            };

            const ranges = {
                c: { min: 10.0, max: 500.0 },
                fr: { min: 1.0, max: 200.0 },
                fa: { min: 0.0, max: 200.0 },
                rpm: { min: 10.0, max: 10000.0 }
            };

            function calculateBearingLife() {
                let p_exponent = 3.0;
                if (state.type === 'roller') {
                    p_exponent = 3.333333;
                }

                let ratio = 0.0;
                if (state.fr > 0) {
                    ratio = state.fa / state.fr;
                } else {
                    ratio = 9999.0;
                }

                let X = 1.0;
                let Y = 0.0;
                if (state.type === 'ball') {
                    if (ratio > 0.25) {
                        X = 0.56;
                        Y = 1.4;
                    }
                } else {
                    if (ratio > 0.3) {
                        X = 0.4;
                        Y = 1.6;
                    }
                }

                const P_raw = X * state.fr + Y * state.fa;
                const P = state.fd * P_raw;

                let L10_rev = 0.0;
                if (P > 0) {
                    L10_rev = Math.pow(state.c / P, p_exponent);
                }

                const L10h_hours = (1000000.0 * L10_rev) / (60.0 * state.rpm);

                state.equivLoad = P;
                state.l10 = L10_rev;
                state.l10h = L10h_hours;
                state.loadRatio = ratio;

                updateUIValues();
            }

            function syncCFromInput() {
                let val = parseFloat(inputC.value);
                if (isNaN(val)) { val = ranges.c.min; }
                if (val < ranges.c.min) { val = ranges.c.min; }
                if (val > ranges.c.max) { val = ranges.c.max; }
                state.c = val;
                inputC.value = val.toFixed(1);
                sliderC.value = Math.round(val);
                calculateBearingLife();
            }
            function syncCFromSlider() {
                state.c = parseFloat(sliderC.value);
                inputC.value = state.c.toFixed(1);
                calculateBearingLife();
            }

            function syncFrFromInput() {
                let val = parseFloat(inputFr.value);
                if (isNaN(val)) { val = ranges.fr.min; }
                if (val < ranges.fr.min) { val = ranges.fr.min; }
                if (val > ranges.fr.max) { val = ranges.fr.max; }
                state.fr = val;
                inputFr.value = val.toFixed(1);
                sliderFr.value = Math.round(val);
                calculateBearingLife();
            }
            function syncFrFromSlider() {
                state.fr = parseFloat(sliderFr.value);
                inputFr.value = state.fr.toFixed(1);
                calculateBearingLife();
            }

            function syncFaFromInput() {
                let val = parseFloat(inputFa.value);
                if (isNaN(val)) { val = ranges.fa.min; }
                if (val < ranges.fa.min) { val = ranges.fa.min; }
                if (val > ranges.fa.max) { val = ranges.fa.max; }
                state.fa = val;
                inputFa.value = val.toFixed(1);
                sliderFa.value = Math.round(val);
                calculateBearingLife();
            }
            function syncFaFromSlider() {
                state.fa = parseFloat(sliderFa.value);
                inputFa.value = state.fa.toFixed(1);
                calculateBearingLife();
            }

            function syncRpmFromInput() {
                let val = parseFloat(inputRpm.value);
                if (isNaN(val)) { val = ranges.rpm.min; }
                if (val < ranges.rpm.min) { val = ranges.rpm.min; }
                if (val > ranges.rpm.max) { val = ranges.rpm.max; }
                state.rpm = val;
                inputRpm.value = val.toFixed(0);
                sliderRpm.value = Math.round(val);
                calculateBearingLife();
            }
            function syncRpmFromSlider() {
                state.rpm = parseFloat(sliderRpm.value);
                inputRpm.value = state.rpm.toFixed(0);
                calculateBearingLife();
            }

            function updateUIValues() {
                txtL10h.innerText = state.l10h.toLocaleString('ko-KR', { maximumFractionDigits: 0 }) + ' 시간';
                txtL10.innerText = state.l10.toLocaleString('ko-KR', { maximumFractionDigits: 1 }) + ' 백만회 회전';

                valLoadRatio.innerText = state.loadRatio.toFixed(2);
                valEquivLoad.innerText = state.equivLoad.toFixed(2) + ' kN';
                
                const cageRPM = state.rpm * 0.4;
                valCageSpeed.innerText = cageRPM.toFixed(0) + ' RPM';

                resC.innerText = state.c.toFixed(2) + ' kN';
                resP.innerText = state.equivLoad.toFixed(2) + ' kN';

                if (state.l10h < 2000.0) {
                    resStatus.innerText = '위험 (단기 피로 파손 우려)';
                    resStatus.style.color = '#db2777';
                } else {
                    if (state.l10h < 10000.0) {
                        resStatus.innerText = '보통 (경부하 간헐 가동)';
                        resStatus.style.color = '#f59e0b';
                    } else {
                        resStatus.innerText = '적합 (안정적 설계 수명)';
                        resStatus.style.color = '#10b981';
                    }
                }

                if (state.type === 'ball') {
                    overlayBearingType.innerText = '깊은 홈 볼 베어링 (Ball Bearing)';
                } else {
                    overlayBearingType.innerText = '원통형 롤러 베어링 (Roller Bearing)';
                }
            }

            function setBearingType(newType) {
                state.type = newType;
                if (newType === 'ball') {
                    btnTypeBall.classList.add('active');
                    btnTypeRoller.classList.remove('active');
                } else {
                    btnTypeRoller.classList.add('active');
                    btnTypeBall.classList.remove('active');
                }
                calculateBearingLife();
            }

            // Presets
            document.getElementById('preset-motor').addEventListener('click', function() {
                setActivePreset('preset-motor');
                state.c = 32.0;
                state.fr = 5.0;
                state.fa = 1.0;
                state.rpm = 3000;
                state.fd = 1.0;
                syncInputsToState();
                setBearingType('ball');
            });

            document.getElementById('preset-turbine').addEventListener('click', function() {
                setActivePreset('preset-turbine');
                state.c = 380.0;
                state.fr = 140.0;
                state.fa = 45.0;
                state.rpm = 25;
                state.fd = 1.5;
                syncInputsToState();
                setBearingType('roller');
            });

            document.getElementById('preset-wheel').addEventListener('click', function() {
                setActivePreset('preset-wheel');
                state.c = 68.0;
                state.fr = 18.0;
                state.fa = 15.0;
                state.rpm = 950;
                state.fd = 1.2;
                syncInputsToState();
                setBearingType('ball');
            });

            function setActivePreset(id) {
                document.getElementById('preset-motor').classList.remove('active');
                document.getElementById('preset-turbine').classList.remove('active');
                document.getElementById('preset-wheel').classList.remove('active');
                document.getElementById(id).classList.add('active');
            }

            function syncInputsToState() {
                inputC.value = state.c.toFixed(1);
                sliderC.value = Math.round(state.c);
                inputFr.value = state.fr.toFixed(1);
                sliderFr.value = Math.round(state.fr);
                inputFa.value = state.fa.toFixed(1);
                sliderFa.value = Math.round(state.fa);
                inputRpm.value = state.rpm;
                sliderRpm.value = state.rpm;
                selectFd.value = state.fd.toFixed(1);
            }

            // Canvas Drawing
            const canvas = document.getElementById('physics-canvas');
            const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');

            function getDPR() {
                return window.devicePixelRatio || 1;
            }

            function initCanvas() {
                const dpr = getDPR();
                const rect = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
                canvas.width = rect.width * dpr;
                canvas.height = rect.height * dpr;
                ctx.scale(dpr, dpr);
            }

            window.addEventListener('resize', initCanvas);
            initCanvas();

            // Setup initial lubricants
            for (let i = 0; i < 40; i++) {
                state.lubricants.push({
                    r: Math.random() * 25 + 50,
                    angle: Math.random() * Math.PI * 2,
                    speed: Math.random() * 0.02 + 0.01,
                    size: Math.random() * 2 + 1
                });
            }

            let lastTime = 0;
            function animate(currentTime) {
                if (lastTime === 0) { lastTime = currentTime; }
                const dt = (currentTime - lastTime) / 1000;
                lastTime = currentTime;

                const dpr = getDPR();
                const width = canvas.width / dpr;
                const height = canvas.height / dpr;

                // Speed calculations
                const cageSpeed = (2.0 * Math.PI * state.rpm * 0.4) / 60.0;
                const shaftSpeed = (2.0 * Math.PI * state.rpm) / 60.0;

                state.angle += cageSpeed * dt;

                ctx.clearRect(0, 0, width, height);

                // 1. Grid
                ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.05)';
                ctx.lineWidth = 1;
                const gridSize = 25;
                for (let x = 0; x < width; x += gridSize) {
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.moveTo(x, 0);
                    ctx.lineTo(x, height);
                    ctx.stroke();
                }
                for (let y = 0; y < height; y += gridSize) {
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.moveTo(0, y);
                    ctx.lineTo(width, y);
                    ctx.stroke();
                }

                // Center position &#038; Dynamic Scale
                const cx = width / 2;
                const cy = height / 2;
                const baseSize = Math.min(width, height);
                const scale = (baseSize / 400) * 0.92;

                // 2. Outer Ring
                ctx.save();
                ctx.strokeStyle = '#475569';
                ctx.lineWidth = 14 * scale;
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.arc(cx, cy, 95 * scale, 0, Math.PI * 2);
                ctx.stroke();
                ctx.restore();

                // 3. Inner Ring
                ctx.save();
                ctx.strokeStyle = '#94a3b8';
                ctx.lineWidth = 14 * scale;
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.arc(cx, cy, 48 * scale, 0, Math.PI * 2);
                ctx.stroke();
                
                // Draw shaft rotation indicators
                ctx.translate(cx, cy);
                ctx.rotate(state.angle * 2.5); // rotates faster than cage
                ctx.fillStyle = '#1e293b';
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.arc(0, 0, 41 * scale, 0, Math.PI * 2);
                ctx.fill();

                ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(255,255,255,0.15)';
                ctx.lineWidth = 4 * scale;
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.moveTo(-35 * scale, 0);
                ctx.lineTo(35 * scale, 0);
                ctx.moveTo(0, -35 * scale);
                ctx.lineTo(0, 35 * scale);
                ctx.stroke();
                ctx.restore();

                // 4. Draw Lubricants
                ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.35)';
                for (let i = 0; i < state.lubricants.length; i++) {
                    const l = state.lubricants[i];
                    l.angle += l.speed * Math.max(state.rpm / 200, 1.0) * dt * 10;
                    const lx = cx + Math.cos(l.angle) * l.r * scale;
                    const ly = cy + Math.sin(l.angle) * l.r * scale;
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.arc(lx, ly, l.size * scale, 0, Math.PI * 2);
                    ctx.fill();
                }

                // 5. Draw Stress Glow zone (Radial load pushes down on bottom)
                if (state.fr > 0) {
                    ctx.save();
                    const stressIntensity = Math.min(state.fr / 100.0, 1.0);
                    const grad = ctx.createRadialGradient(cx, cy + 30 * scale, 20 * scale, cx, cy + 85 * scale, 95 * scale);
                    grad.addColorStop(0, 'rgba(219, 39, 119, 0.0)');
                    grad.addColorStop(1, 'rgba(219, 39, 119, ' + (0.45 * stressIntensity) + ')');
                    
                    ctx.fillStyle = grad;
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.arc(cx, cy, 95 * scale, 0, Math.PI);
                    ctx.lineTo(cx, cy);
                    ctx.closePath();
                    ctx.fill();
                    ctx.restore();
                }

                // 6. Draw Rolling Elements (Balls or Rollers)
                const count = state.type === 'ball' ? 9 : 12;
                ctx.save();
                for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                    const a = state.angle + (i * Math.PI * 2) / count;
                    const rx = cx + Math.cos(a) * 71.5 * scale;
                    const ry = cy + Math.sin(a) * 71.5 * scale;

                    // Compute individual stress load
                    const angleOffset = Math.abs((a % (Math.PI * 2)) - Math.PI / 2);
                    let elementStress = 0.0;
                    if (angleOffset < Math.PI / 2) {
                        elementStress = Math.cos(angleOffset) * (state.fr / 150.0);
                    }
                    elementStress += state.fa / 200.0;
                    if (elementStress > 1.0) { elementStress = 1.0; }

                    if (state.type === 'ball') {
                        // Ball drawing
                        ctx.save();
                        ctx.beginPath();
                        ctx.arc(rx, ry, 11.5 * scale, 0, Math.PI * 2);
                        ctx.fillStyle = '#cbd5e1';
                        ctx.fill();
                        ctx.lineWidth = 1.5 * scale;
                        ctx.strokeStyle = '#475569';
                        ctx.stroke();

                        if (elementStress > 0.05) {
                            ctx.beginPath();
                            ctx.arc(rx, ry, 11.5 * scale, 0, Math.PI * 2);
                            ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(219, 39, 119, ' + (elementStress * 0.6) + ')';
                            ctx.fill();
                        }
                        ctx.restore();
                    } else {
                        // Roller drawing (rectangles)
                        ctx.save();
                        ctx.translate(rx, ry);
                        ctx.rotate(a);
                        ctx.fillStyle = '#cbd5e1';
                        ctx.beginPath();
                        ctx.roundRect(-10 * scale, -11.5 * scale, 20 * scale, 23 * scale, 3 * scale);
                        ctx.fill();
                        ctx.lineWidth = 1.5 * scale;
                        ctx.strokeStyle = '#475569';
                        ctx.stroke();

                        if (elementStress > 0.05) {
                            ctx.beginPath();
                            ctx.roundRect(-10 * scale, -11.5 * scale, 20 * scale, 23 * scale, 3 * scale);
                            ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(219, 39, 119, ' + (elementStress * 0.6) + ')';
                            ctx.fill();
                        }
                        ctx.restore();
                    }
                }
                ctx.restore();

                // 7. Load Vector Arrows
                if (state.fr > 0) {
                    ctx.save();
                    ctx.strokeStyle = '#db2777';
                    ctx.fillStyle = '#db2777';
                    ctx.lineWidth = Math.min(state.fr * 0.04 + 2, 7) * scale;
                    ctx.shadowBlur = 8 * scale;
                    ctx.shadowColor = '#db2777';

                    // Vertical arrow
                    const arrowTop = Math.max(cy - 120 * scale, 22 * scale);
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.moveTo(cx, arrowTop);
                    ctx.lineTo(cx, cy - 55 * scale);
                    ctx.stroke();

                    // Arrowhead
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.moveTo(cx, cy - 52 * scale);
                    ctx.lineTo(cx - 8 * scale, cy - 65 * scale);
                    ctx.lineTo(cx + 8 * scale, cy - 65 * scale);
                    ctx.closePath();
                    ctx.fill();

                    // Text
                    ctx.fillStyle = '#db2777';
                    ctx.font = 'bold ' + Math.max(9, Math.round(11 * scale)) + 'px Inter';
                    ctx.fillText('Radial Load Fr = ' + state.fr.toFixed(1) + ' kN', cx + 12 * scale, arrowTop + 14 * scale);
                    ctx.restore();
                }

                // Axial Arrow (Fa) pushing side-on to shaft center
                if (state.fa > 0) {
                    ctx.save();
                    ctx.strokeStyle = '#0284c7';
                    ctx.fillStyle = '#0284c7';
                    ctx.lineWidth = Math.min(state.fa * 0.04 + 2, 7) * scale;
                    ctx.shadowBlur = 8 * scale;
                    ctx.shadowColor = '#0284c7';

                    // Horizontal arrow
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.moveTo(cx - 215 * scale, cy);
                    ctx.lineTo(cx - 115 * scale, cy);
                    ctx.stroke();

                    // Arrowhead
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.moveTo(cx - 112 * scale, cy);
                    ctx.lineTo(cx - 125 * scale, cy - 8 * scale);
                    ctx.lineTo(cx - 125 * scale, cy + 8 * scale);
                    ctx.closePath();
                    ctx.fill();

                    // Text
                    ctx.fillStyle = '#0284c7';
                    ctx.font = 'bold ' + Math.max(9, Math.round(11 * scale)) + 'px Inter';
                    ctx.fillText('Axial Fa = ' + state.fa.toFixed(1) + ' kN', cx - 205 * scale, cy - 12 * scale);
                    ctx.restore();
                }

                requestAnimationFrame(animate);
            }
            requestAnimationFrame(animate);

            // Bind Event Listeners
            btnTypeBall.addEventListener('click', function() { setBearingType('ball'); });
            btnTypeRoller.addEventListener('click', function() { setBearingType('roller'); });

            inputC.addEventListener('change', syncCFromInput);
            sliderC.addEventListener('input', syncCFromSlider);
            inputFr.addEventListener('change', syncFrFromInput);
            sliderFr.addEventListener('input', syncFrFromSlider);
            inputFa.addEventListener('change', syncFaFromInput);
            sliderFa.addEventListener('input', syncFaFromSlider);
            inputRpm.addEventListener('change', syncRpmFromInput);
            sliderRpm.addEventListener('input', syncRpmFromSlider);

            selectFd.addEventListener('change', function() {
                state.fd = parseFloat(selectFd.value);
                calculateBearingLife();
            });

            // Initial Calculations
            calculateBearingLife();

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                    blockEvents();
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                    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', blockEvents);
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<div style="background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(0,242,254,0.03), rgba(138,43,226,0.03)); border: 1px solid rgba(0,242,254,0.15); border-radius: 12px; padding: 18px 24px; margin: 25px auto 35px auto; font-size: 0.95em; color: #4b5563; line-height: 1.7; font-family: sans-serif;">
    <strong style="color: #1f2937; font-size: 1.05em; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px;">
        <span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f4a1.png" alt="💡" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></span> 간편 사용 설명서
    </strong>
    <ol style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; padding-left: 20px;">
        <li style="margin-bottom: 6px;"><strong>베어링 형식 선택: 깊은 홈 볼 베어링(지수 p=3) 또는 롤러 베어링(지수 p=3.33)을 설정합니다.</strong></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 6px;">설계 제어 변수 조절: 기본 동적 부하 용량(C), 반경방향 하중(Fr), 축방향 하중(Fa), 회전 속도(RPM) 슬라이더를 조절합니다.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 6px;">충격 계수 선택: 기계의 진동 및 충격 조건에 따라 하중 계수(fd)를 지정합니다.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 6px;">실시간 응력 가시화 확인: 2D 베어링 시뮬레이터 내부에서 전동체(Ball/Roller)와 와이어프레임 궤도 접촉 부위에 작용하는 응력 집중도(Magenta/Red Glow)를 확인합니다.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 6px;">수명 판정 및 출력값 분석: 계산서에서 회전수 기준 수명(L10)과 시간 기준 정격수명(L10h)이 장비 권장 수명 범위를 충족하는지 실시간 판정합니다.</li>
    </ol>
</div>



<details class="premium-seo-accordion" style="border: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.08); border-radius: 12px; background: #fbfbfc; padding: 0; margin: 30px auto; box-shadow: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.01); font-family: sans-serif;">
    <summary style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 20px 24px; font-size: 1.1em; font-weight: 700; color: #1f2937; cursor: pointer; user-select: none; outline: none; list-style: none;">
        <span><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f4da.png" alt="📚" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 상세 기계공학 해설 및 설계 규격 (ISO 281) 확인하기</span>
        <span class="accordion-arrow" style="font-size: 0.9em; color: #9ca3af; transition: transform 0.2s ease;">▼</span>
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        <div style="margin-top: 20px;">
            <h3>1. 베어링의 피로 수명 및 L10 수명의 물리학적 정의</h3>
<p>회전 기계 요소 설계에서 <strong>구름 베어링(Rolling Bearing)</strong>의 수명은 궤도륜(Ring) 또는 전동체(Rolling Element)의 재료에 최초로 반복 피로에 의한 박리(Flaking / Spalling) 현상이 나타날 때까지의 총 회전수 또는 운전 시간으로 정의됩니다. 동일한 규격의 베어링들을 동일한 조건에서 운전하더라도 재료 피로의 통계적 특성으로 인해 개별 수명은 넓은 분포를 보입니다.</p><p>이에 따라 ISO 281 규격은 <strong>정격 수명 L<sub>10</sub> (Nominal Fatigue Life)</strong>을 표준으로 삼고 있습니다. 이는 <em>동일한 군의 베어링들 중 90%가 피로 손상 없이 도달할 수 있는 신뢰도 90%의 통계적 수명</em>을 의미합니다. 만약 신뢰도를 95%나 99%로 올리고자 한다면, 신뢰도 보정 계수(a<sub>1</sub>)를 곱하는 수정 정격 수명(L<sub>10m</sub>) 공식을 사용해야 합니다.</p>
<h3>2. ISO 281 정격 수명 기본 계산식 및 인자 분석</h3>
<p>베어링의 기본 피로 수명 공식은 다음과 같습니다:</p><p style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: #f3f4f6; padding: 12px; border-radius: 8px;">L<sub>10</sub> = (C / P)<sup>p</sup> &nbsp;[10<sup>6</sup> 회전]</p><p>여기서 인자들은 다음과 같이 정의됩니다:</p><ul><li><strong>C: 기본 동정격 하중 (Basic Dynamic Load Rating, kN)</strong> &#8211; 100만 회전의 정격 수명을 가질 때 베어링이 견딜 수 있는 일정한 크기와 방향의 순수 하중을 뜻하며 베어링 규격표(Catalog)에 명시됩니다.</li><li><strong>P: 동당량 하중 (Equivalent Dynamic Load, kN)</strong> &#8211; 실제 베어링에 가해지는 반경방향 하중(F<sub>r</sub>)과 축방향 하중(F<sub>a</sub>)의 합성치이며, 운전 중 충격 진동을 고려하기 위해 충격 계수(f<sub>d</sub>)를 반영하여 다음과 같이 산정합니다: <code>P = f<sub>d</sub> &times; (X &middot; F<sub>r</sub> + Y &middot; F<sub>a</sub>)</code>.</li><li><strong>p: 수명 지수 (Life Exponent)</strong> &#8211; 접촉 형상에 따라 다르며 <strong>볼 베어링은 p = 3</strong>, <strong>롤러 베어링은 p = 10/3 (3.333)</strong>을 적용합니다.</li></ul><p>시간 기준 수명(L<sub>10h</sub>)은 회전 속도 <code>N [RPM]</code>을 적용하여 시간 단위(Hours)로 변환해 유도합니다:</p><p style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: #e0f2fe; padding: 16px; border-radius: 8px; font-size: 1.1em; color: #0369a1;">L<sub>10h</sub> = (10<sup>6</sup> &times; L<sub>10</sub>) / (60 &times; N) &nbsp;[시간, Hours]</p>
<h3>3. 산업 분야별 권장 베어링 목표 수명 가이드</h3>
<p>기계설계 시 사용 수명이 설계 목표를 만족하는지 검토해야 하며, 일반적으로 널리 쓰이는 가이드라인은 다음과 같습니다:</p><ul><li><strong>단시간 또는 단속 운전 기계 (가전제품, 수동 전동공구 등):</strong> 500 ~ 2,000 시간</li><li><strong>단시간 가동되나 신뢰성이 중요한 장비 (비상용 펌프, 단기 운전 크레인):</strong> 2,000 ~ 8,000 시간</li><li><strong>일반 산업 기계 및 주간 가동 공장 설비 (컨베이어, 일반 송풍기):</strong> 10,000 ~ 20,000 시간</li><li><strong>24시간 연속 운전 기계 및 고신뢰성 필수 설비 (발전소 펌프, 대형 압축기, 선박 추진계):</strong> 40,000 ~ 100,000 시간 이상</li></ul>

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