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<channel>
	<title>보일러효율 &#8211; MyEngNote</title>
	<atom:link href="https://myengnote.com/tag/%eb%b3%b4%ec%9d%bc%eb%9f%ac%ed%9a%a8%ec%9c%a8/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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		<title>보일러 효율 계산기 &#038; 시뮬레이터</title>
		<link>https://myengnote.com/industrial-boiler-efficiency-calculator-losses/</link>
					<comments>https://myengnote.com/industrial-boiler-efficiency-calculator-losses/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[동동]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2026 07:25:57 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[공학계산기]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ASME_PTC4_1]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[보일러효율]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[에너지효율]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[연소공학]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[열손실법]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://myengnote.com/industrial-boiler-efficiency-calculator-losses/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[연소 가스 온도, 과잉 공기(산소 농도), 보일러 부하율 및 연료 종류를 조절하여 ASME PTC 4.1 간접법 표준에 의거한 주요 열손실 인자들을 실시간 계산하고 효율을 높이는 운전 지점을 제어하는 시뮬레이터입니다.]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h2 style="font-size: 1.6em; font-weight: 800; color: #0c0e25; border-bottom: 2px solid #00f2fe; padding-bottom: 8px; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f680.png" alt="🚀" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 보일러 효율 계산기 &#038; 시뮬레이터</h2>


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.boilerefficiency-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section [class*="readout-box"],
.boilerefficiency-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .gauge-container {
    grid-column: 1 !important;
    grid-row: 1 !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
    height: auto !important;
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    justify-content: center !important;
}
.boilerefficiency-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .results-grid {
    grid-column: 2 !important;
    grid-row: 1 / span 2 !important;
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    gap: 12px !important;
    justify-content: flex-start !important;
}
.boilerefficiency-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .results-grid .result-card {
    flex: none !important;
    display: flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    min-height: 72px !important;
    height: auto !important;
    padding: 12px 16px !important;
}
.boilerefficiency-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .formula-card {
    grid-column: 1 !important;
    grid-row: 2 !important;
}
/* 모바일/반응형 (800px 이하) ── 항상 세로형(1열) 정렬 및 시뮬레이터 캔버스 최상단 배치 */
@media (max-width: 800px) {
    .boilerefficiency-calculator-wrapper .app-main-grid,
    .boilerefficiency-calculator-wrapper .main-grid,
    .boilerefficiency-calculator-wrapper .sim-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
        display: flex !important;
        flex-direction: column !important;
    }
    .boilerefficiency-calculator-wrapper .control-panel {
        order: 2 !important;
        width: 100% !important;
    }
    .boilerefficiency-calculator-wrapper .right-column {
        order: 1 !important;
        width: 100% !important;
        display: flex !important;
        flex-direction: column !important;
    }
    .boilerefficiency-calculator-wrapper .simulation-panel,
    .boilerefficiency-calculator-wrapper .canvas-panel,
    .boilerefficiency-calculator-wrapper .sim-panel,
    .boilerefficiency-calculator-wrapper .canvas-section {
        order: -1 !important;
    }
    .boilerefficiency-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
    }
    .boilerefficiency-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .ratio-readout-box,
    .boilerefficiency-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .re-readout-box,
    .boilerefficiency-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .status-readout-box,
    .boilerefficiency-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .flow-readout-box,
    .boilerefficiency-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section [class*="readout-box"],
    .boilerefficiency-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .gauge-container {
        grid-column: 1 !important;
        grid-row: auto !important;
        height: auto !important;
    }
    .boilerefficiency-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .results-grid {
        grid-column: 1 !important;
        grid-row: auto !important;
    }
    .boilerefficiency-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .formula-card {
        grid-column: 1 !important;
        grid-row: auto !important;
    }
}
.boilerefficiency-calculator-wrapper .app-container,
.boilerefficiency-calculator-wrapper .main-container {
    max-width: 100% !important;
    padding: 12px !important;
}
/* Premium Advice/Formula Card & Typography Overrides */
.boilerefficiency-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .formula-card,
.boilerefficiency-calculator-wrapper .results-panel .formula-card {
    background: #ffffff !important;
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border) !important;
    border-radius: 12px !important;
    padding: 16px !important;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-card) !important;
    transition: all 0.2s ease !important;
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    justify-content: center !important;
    gap: 8px !important;
}
.boilerefficiency-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .formula-card h4,
.boilerefficiency-calculator-wrapper .results-panel .formula-card h4 {
    font-size: 14px !important;
    font-weight: 700 !important;
    color: var(--color-text-main) !important;
    margin-top: 0 !important;
    margin-bottom: 4px !important;
    word-break: keep-all !important;
    line-height: 1.4 !important;
    display: flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    gap: 8px !important;
}
.boilerefficiency-calculator-wrapper .formula-equation {
    font-family: 'Outfit', 'Cambria Math', 'Times New Roman', monospace !important;
    white-space: nowrap !important;
    overflow-x: auto !important;
    word-break: keep-all !important;
    text-align: center !important;
}
.boilerefficiency-calculator-wrapper #text-judgment {
    font-size: 12px !important;
    font-weight: 500 !important;
    color: var(--color-text-muted) !important;
    line-height: 1.6 !important;
    word-break: keep-all !important;
}
</style>
<div class="boilerefficiency-calculator-wrapper" style="position: relative; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow: hidden; margin: 30px auto; border-radius: 20px;">
    <div class="app-background-glow" style="position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; z-index: 1; pointer-events: none; overflow: hidden;"></div>
    <div style="position: relative; z-index: 2; width: 100%;">
    <div class="app-container">
        <!-- Header -->
        <header class="app-header">
            <div class="logo-area">
                <div class="logo-icon"><i class="fa-solid fa-fire-burner"></i></div>
                <div>
                    <h1>BOILER EFFICIENCY</h1>
                    <div class="subtitle">산업용 보일러 효율 계산기 &#038; 실시간 2D 연소 열손실 시뮬레이터</div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="header-badge">
                <div class="pulse-dot"></div>
                <div class="badge-text">ASME PTC 4.1 수치해석 엔진</div>
            </div>
        </header>
        <div class="app-main-grid">
            <!-- Left Column: Controls -->
            <div class="panel control-panel">
                <div class="panel-header">
                    <i class="fa-solid fa-sliders text-cyan"></i>
                    <h2>연소 제어 변수 설정</h2>
                </div>
                <div class="input-group">
                    <div class="input-label-row">
                        <label><i class="fa-solid fa-gas-pump text-cyan"></i> 사용 연료 종류</label>
                    </div>
                    <select id="select-fuel" class="custom-select">
                        <option value="lng" selected>도시가스 (LNG &#8211; 가스)</option>
                        <option value="oil">산업용 중유 (Heavy Oil)</option>
                        <option value="coal">발전용 유연탄 (Coal &#8211; 석탄)</option>
                    </select>
                </div>
                <div class="input-group">
                    <div class="input-label-row">
                        <label><i class="fa-solid fa-temperature-arrow-down text-cyan"></i> 연소용 급기 온도 (T_air)</label>
                        <span class="range-helper">Min: 0°C / Max: 50°C</span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="number-input-wrapper">
                        <input type="number" id="input-tair" class="custom-number-input" value="25" step="1" min="0" max="50">
                        <span class="unit-badge">°C</span>
                    </div>
                    <input type="range" id="slider-tair" class="custom-slider" value="25" min="0" max="50" step="1">
                </div>
                <div class="input-group">
                    <div class="input-label-row">
                        <label><i class="fa-solid fa-temperature-arrow-up text-magenta"></i> 연도 배기가스 온도 (T_gas)</label>
                        <span class="range-helper">Min: 100°C / Max: 300°C</span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="number-input-wrapper">
                        <input type="number" id="input-tgas" class="custom-number-input" value="160" step="1" min="100" max="300">
                        <span class="unit-badge">°C</span>
                    </div>
                    <input type="range" id="slider-tgas" class="custom-slider" value="160" min="100" max="300" step="1">
                </div>
                <div class="input-group">
                    <div class="input-label-row">
                        <label><i class="fa-solid fa-eye-dropper text-cyan"></i> 배기 가스 산소(O₂) 잔존량</label>
                        <span class="range-helper">Min: 1.5% / Max: 10.0%</span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="number-input-wrapper">
                        <input type="number" id="input-o2" class="custom-number-input" value="3.5" step="0.1" min="1.5" max="10.0">
                        <span class="unit-badge">%</span>
                    </div>
                    <input type="range" id="slider-o2" class="custom-slider" value="3.5" min="1.5" max="10.0" step="0.1">
                </div>
                <div class="input-group">
                    <div class="input-label-row">
                        <label><i class="fa-solid fa-bolt text-cyan"></i> 보일러 작동 부하율 (Boiler Load)</label>
                        <span class="range-helper">Min: 30% / Max: 100%</span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="number-input-wrapper">
                        <input type="number" id="input-load" class="custom-number-input" value="80" step="1" min="30" max="100">
                        <span class="unit-badge">%</span>
                    </div>
                    <input type="range" id="slider-load" class="custom-slider" value="80" min="30" max="100" step="1">
                </div>
                <div class="presets-section">
                    <h3><i class="fa-solid fa-lightbulb text-purple"></i> 보일러 에너지 진단 프리셋</h3>
                    <div class="presets-grid">
                        <button class="preset-btn" data-preset="lng_opt">
                            <div class="preset-icon"><i class="fa-solid fa-leaf text-success"></i></div>
                            <div class="preset-details">
                                <span class="preset-name">LNG 최적 고효율 저탄소 운전</span>
                                <span class="preset-spec">LNG | O₂ 2.0% | T_gas 135°C</span>
                            </div>
                        </button>
                        <button class="preset-btn" data-preset="coal_normal">
                            <div class="preset-icon"><i class="fa-solid fa-industry text-purple"></i></div>
                            <div class="preset-details">
                                <span class="preset-name">석탄 미분탄 표준 연소 상태</span>
                                <span class="preset-spec">유연탄 | O₂ 4.0% | T_gas 165°C</span>
                            </div>
                        </button>
                        <button class="preset-btn" data-preset="oil_choke">
                            <div class="preset-icon"><i class="fa-solid fa-triangle-exclamation text-magenta"></i></div>
                            <div class="preset-details">
                                <span class="preset-name">중유 연소 불완전/과잉 손실 운전</span>
                                <span class="preset-spec">중유 | O₂ 7.5% | T_gas 210°C</span>
                            </div>
                        </button>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <!-- Auto Injected Right Column wrapper for Design 1 -->
            <div class="right-column">
                <div class="panel simulation-panel">
                                <div class="panel-header">
                                    <i class="fa-solid fa-chart-bar text-cyan"></i>
                                    <h2>실시간 2D 연소 화로 &#038; 에너지 수지(Sankey) 분석도</h2>
                                </div>
                                <div class="canvas-wrapper">
                                    <canvas id="physics-canvas" width="600" height="350"></canvas>
                                </div>
                            <div class="simulation-results-section">
                                <div class="ratio-readout-box">
                                    <span class="ratio-title">BOILER THERMAL EFFICIENCY</span>
                                    <span id="txt-efficiency" class="ratio-value">88.50 % <span>(11.50 % LOSS)</span></span>
                                    <span class="ratio-sub-txt">ASME PTC 4.1 열손실법 순수 효율</span>
                                </div>
                                <div class="results-grid">
                                    <div class="result-card">
                                        <div class="card-icon"><i class="fa-solid fa-wind text-orange-500"></i></div>
                                        <div class="card-content">
                                            <div class="card-unit">배기 가스 열손실 (L_dfg)</div>
                                            <div id="txt-ldfg" class="card-value">5.20 %</div>
                                        </div>
                                    </div>
                                    <div class="result-card">
                                        <div class="card-icon"><i class="fa-solid fa-droplet text-red-500"></i></div>
                                        <div class="card-content">
                                            <div class="card-unit">수분 및 H2 연소 잠열 손실 (L_m)</div>
                                            <div id="txt-lmois" class="card-value">4.50 %</div>
                                        </div>
                                    </div>
                                    <div class="result-card">
                                        <div class="card-icon"><i class="fa-solid fa-shield-halved text-purple"></i></div>
                                        <div class="card-content">
                                            <div class="card-unit">노벽 방산/대류 열손실 (L_rad)</div>
                                            <div id="txt-lrad" class="card-value">1.00 %</div>
                                        </div>
                                    </div>
                                    <div class="result-card">
                                        <div class="card-icon"><i class="fa-solid fa-cloud text-gray-500"></i></div>
                                        <div class="card-content">
                                            <div class="card-unit">불완전 연소 및 미연소분 손실 (L_unb)</div>
                                            <div id="txt-lunb" class="card-value">0.80 %</div>
                                        </div>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                                <div class="formula-card">
                                    <h4><i class="fa-solid fa-circle-info text-cyan"></i> 간접 손실법 보일러 효율 계산 식</h4>
                                    <div class="formula-equation">η = 100 &#8211; [L_dfg + L_mois + L_rad + L_unb]</div>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
        <!-- Disclaimer Footer -->
        <footer class="app-disclaimer" style="margin-top: 20px; padding: 12px 16px; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.015); border: 1px solid var(--color-border); border-radius: 12px; font-size: 11px; color: var(--color-text-muted); line-height: 1.5; text-align: left; display: flex; gap: 10px; align-items: flex-start; clear: both;">
            <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-info" style="color: var(--color-cyan); font-size: 14px; margin-top: 2px; flex-shrink: 0;"></i>
            <span><strong>면책 조항 (Disclaimer):</strong> 본 시뮬레이터의 계산 결과는 교육 및 참고용으로만 제공되며, 실제 제품 설계나 제작 시에는 반드시 최신 공학 규격 및 공식 표준 설계 기준을 재확인하시기 바랍니다. 계산 값의 무결성을 보장하지 않으며, 이로 인해 발생하는 직접적/간접적 손해에 대해 제작자 및 본 블로그는 어떠한 책임을 지지 않습니다.</span>
        </footer>
</div>
    <!-- JavaScript Core Simulator Engine -->
    </div>
</div>
<script>
        (function() {
            let isInit = false;
            function initSimulator() {
                if (isInit) return;
                const canvas = document.getElementById('physics-canvas');
                if (!canvas) return;
                const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
                if (!ctx) return;
                isInit = true;
                window.__boilerefficiency_initialized = true;
                // DOM fields
                const selectFuel = document.getElementById('select-fuel');
                const sliderTair = document.getElementById('slider-tair');
                const inputTair = document.getElementById('input-tair');
                const sliderTgas = document.getElementById('slider-tgas');
                const inputTgas = document.getElementById('input-tgas');
                const sliderO2 = document.getElementById('slider-o2');
                const inputO2 = document.getElementById('input-o2');
                const sliderLoad = document.getElementById('slider-load');
                const inputLoad = document.getElementById('input-load');
                const presetBtns = document.querySelectorAll('.preset-btn');
                // Outputs DOMs
                const txtEfficiency = document.getElementById('txt-efficiency');
                const txtLdfg = document.getElementById('txt-ldfg');
                const txtLmois = document.getElementById('txt-lmois');
                const txtLrad = document.getElementById('txt-lrad');
                const txtLunb = document.getElementById('txt-lunb');
                // State
                const state = {
                    fuel: 'lng',
                    tair: 25.0,
                    tgas: 160.0,
                    o2: 3.5,
                    load: 80.0,
                    particles: []
                };
                // Losses coefficients
                const fuelData = {
                    lng: { k: 0.35, moisBase: 9.5, moisSlope: 0.005, radC: 0.8, unbBase: 0.1, unbO2: 0.02 },
                    oil: { k: 0.38, moisBase: 5.5, moisSlope: 0.003, radC: 0.8, unbBase: 0.4, unbO2: 0.05 },
                    coal: { k: 0.41, moisBase: 4.0, moisSlope: 0.002, radC: 1.2, unbBase: 1.5, unbO2: 0.10 }
                };
                function resizeCanvas() {
                    const dpr = window.devicePixelRatio || 1;
                    canvas.width = 600 * dpr;
                    canvas.height = 350 * dpr;
                    ctx.scale(dpr, dpr);
                }
                resizeCanvas();
                window.addEventListener('resize', resizeCanvas);
                setTimeout(resizeCanvas, 300);
                // Input bindings with strict clamping on change only
                function syncTairFromSlider() {
                    state.tair = parseFloat(sliderTair.value);
                    inputTair.value = Math.round(state.tair);
                    clearPresets();
                    updateCalculations();
                }
                function syncTairFromInput() {
                    let val = parseFloat(inputTair.value);
                    if (isNaN(val)) {
                        val = 25;
                    }
                    if (val < 0) {
                        val = 0;
                    }
                    if (val > 50) {
                        val = 50;
                    }
                    inputTair.value = Math.round(val);
                    sliderTair.value = val;
                    state.tair = val;
                    clearPresets();
                    updateCalculations();
                }
                function syncTgasFromSlider() {
                    state.tgas = parseFloat(sliderTgas.value);
                    inputTgas.value = Math.round(state.tgas);
                    clearPresets();
                    updateCalculations();
                }
                function syncTgasFromInput() {
                    let val = parseFloat(inputTgas.value);
                    if (isNaN(val)) {
                        val = 160;
                    }
                    if (val < 100) {
                        val = 100;
                    }
                    if (val > 300) {
                        val = 300;
                    }
                    inputTgas.value = Math.round(val);
                    sliderTgas.value = val;
                    state.tgas = val;
                    clearPresets();
                    updateCalculations();
                }
                function syncO2FromSlider() {
                    state.o2 = parseFloat(sliderO2.value);
                    inputO2.value = state.o2.toFixed(1);
                    clearPresets();
                    updateCalculations();
                }
                function syncO2FromInput() {
                    let val = parseFloat(inputO2.value);
                    if (isNaN(val)) {
                        val = 3.5;
                    }
                    if (val < 1.5) {
                        val = 1.5;
                    }
                    if (val > 10.0) {
                        val = 10.0;
                    }
                    inputO2.value = val.toFixed(1);
                    sliderO2.value = val;
                    state.o2 = val;
                    clearPresets();
                    updateCalculations();
                }
                function syncLoadFromSlider() {
                    state.load = parseFloat(sliderLoad.value);
                    inputLoad.value = Math.round(state.load);
                    clearPresets();
                    updateCalculations();
                }
                function syncLoadFromInput() {
                    let val = parseFloat(inputLoad.value);
                    if (isNaN(val)) {
                        val = 80;
                    }
                    if (val < 30) {
                        val = 30;
                    }
                    if (val > 100) {
                        val = 100;
                    }
                    inputLoad.value = Math.round(val);
                    sliderLoad.value = val;
                    state.load = val;
                    clearPresets();
                    updateCalculations();
                }
                function syncFuelSelect() {
                    state.fuel = selectFuel.value;
                    clearPresets();
                    updateCalculations();
                }
                function loadPreset(key) {
                    clearPresets();
                    presetBtns.forEach(btn => {
                        if (btn.dataset.preset === key) {
                            btn.classList.add('active');
                        }
                    });
                    if (key === 'lng_opt') {
                        state.fuel = 'lng';
                        state.tair = 25;
                        state.tgas = 135;
                        state.o2 = 2.0; // Low surplus air
                        state.load = 85;
                    }
                    if (key === 'coal_normal') {
                        state.fuel = 'coal';
                        state.tair = 25;
                        state.tgas = 165;
                        state.o2 = 4.0;
                        state.load = 80;
                    }
                    if (key === 'oil_choke') {
                        state.fuel = 'oil';
                        state.tair = 15;
                        state.tgas = 210; // high heat stack loss
                        state.o2 = 7.5; // too much cold air intake
                        state.load = 40; // low load rad loss
                    }
                    selectFuel.value = state.fuel;
                    sliderTair.value = state.tair;
                    inputTair.value = state.tair;
                    sliderTgas.value = state.tgas;
                    inputTgas.value = state.tgas;
                    sliderO2.value = state.o2;
                    inputO2.value = state.o2.toFixed(1);
                    sliderLoad.value = state.load;
                    inputLoad.value = state.load;
                    updateCalculations();
                }
                function clearPresets() {
                    presetBtns.forEach(btn => btn.classList.remove('active'));
                }
                // Math Results Nodal State
                const mathModel = {
                    ldfg: 0,
                    lmois: 0,
                    lrad: 0,
                    lunb: 0,
                    totalLoss: 0,
                    eff: 0
                };
                function updateCalculations() {
                    const fd = fuelData[state.fuel];
                    const tDiff = state.tgas - state.tair;
                    // 1. Dry Flue Gas loss
                    const ldfg = fd.k * (tDiff) / (21 - state.o2);
                    // 2. Moisture loss
                    const lmois = fd.moisBase + fd.moisSlope * tDiff;
                    // 3. Radiation loss (increases exponentially at low loads)
                    const lrad = fd.radC / (state.load / 100.0);
                    // 4. Unburned incomplete combustion loss (explodes at very low O2)
                    // Let's model a penalty if O2 is too close to extreme lower bounds (1.5%)
                    let unbPenalty = 0;
                    if (state.o2 < 2.0) {
                        unbPenalty = 1.2 * (2.0 - state.o2);
                    }
                    const lunb = fd.unbBase + (fd.unbO2 / (state.o2 * 0.01)) + unbPenalty;
                    // Combined totals
                    const totalLoss = ldfg + lmois + lrad + lunb;
                    const efficiency = 100.0 - totalLoss;
                    mathModel.ldfg = ldfg;
                    mathModel.lmois = lmois;
                    mathModel.lrad = lrad;
                    mathModel.lunb = lunb;
                    mathModel.totalLoss = totalLoss;
                    mathModel.eff = efficiency;
                    // Print UI values
                    txtEfficiency.innerHTML = `${efficiency.toFixed(2)} % <span style="display: block; font-size: 0.75em; opacity: 0.85; margin-top: 4px; -webkit-text-fill-color: var(--color-text-muted); color: var(--color-text-muted); background: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial;">(${totalLoss.toFixed(2)} % LOSS)</span>`;
                    txtLdfg.innerText = `${ldfg.toFixed(2)} %`;
                    txtLmois.innerText = `${lmois.toFixed(2)} %`;
                    txtLrad.innerText = `${lrad.toFixed(2)} %`;
                    txtLunb.innerText = `${lunb.toFixed(2)} %`;
                }
                // Label drawing helper (Text only)
                function drawLabel(text, x, y, align, isInside = false) {
                    ctx.save();
                    ctx.font = 'bold 9.5px sans-serif';
                    ctx.fillStyle = '#475569';
                    ctx.textAlign = align;
                    if (isInside) {
                        ctx.textBaseline = 'middle';
                    } else {
                        ctx.textBaseline = 'alphabetic';
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                    ctx.fillText(text, x, y);
                    ctx.restore();
                }
                // Effect particles (flame, steam bubbles, gray chimney smoke)
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                    constructor(type, xRange, yRange) {
                        this.type = type; // 'fire' or 'steam' or 'smoke'
                        this.xRange = xRange;
                        this.yRange = yRange;
                        this.reset();
                        // random scatter inside range to look mature instantly
                        this.y = this.yMin + Math.random() * (this.yMax - this.yMin);
                    }
                    reset() {
                        this.xMin = this.xRange[0];
                        this.xMax = this.xRange[1];
                        this.yMin = this.yRange[0];
                        this.yMax = this.yRange[1];
                        this.x = this.xMin + Math.random() * (this.xMax - this.xMin);
                        this.y = this.yMax; // start bottom of range
                        this.size = Math.random() * 3.5 + 1.2;
                        if (this.type === 'fire') {
                            this.vy = -(Math.random() * 1.5 + 0.6);
                            this.vx = (Math.random() - 0.5) * 1.0;
                            this.life = Math.random() * 30 + 15;
                            const fireColors = ['#ef4444', '#f97316', '#f59e0b', '#ffffff'];
                            this.color = fireColors[Math.floor(Math.random() * fireColors.length)];
                        }
                        if (this.type === 'steam') {
                            this.vy = -(Math.random() * 0.8 + 0.4);
                            this.vx = (Math.random() - 0.5) * 0.2;
                            this.life = Math.random() * 40 + 20;
                            this.color = 'rgba(255,255,255,0.7)';
                        }
                        if (this.type === 'smoke') {
                            this.vy = -(Math.random() * 1.2 + 0.5);
                            this.vx = (Math.random() - 0.3) * 0.6; // drifts slightly right
                            this.life = Math.random() * 45 + 25;
                            this.size = Math.random() * 6 + 2.5; // larger puffy smoke clouds
                            // Coal fuel creates dark grey soot, gas clean white
                            if (state.fuel === 'coal') {
                                this.color = 'rgba(75,85,99,0.3)';
                            }
                            if (state.fuel === 'oil') {
                                this.color = 'rgba(107,114,128,0.22)';
                            }
                            if (state.fuel === 'lng') {
                                this.color = 'rgba(241,245,249,0.2)';
                            }
                        }
                        this.maxLife = this.life;
                    }
                    update() {
                        this.x += this.vx;
                        this.y += this.vy;
                        this.life--;
                        if (this.life <= 0) {
                            this.reset();
                        }
                    }
                    draw(c) {
                        const alpha = this.life / this.maxLife;
                        c.save();
                        c.globalAlpha = alpha;
                        c.fillStyle = this.color;
                        c.beginPath();
                        if (this.type === 'smoke') {
                            // puffy smoke circles
                            c.arc(this.x, this.y, this.size + (1 - alpha) * 4, 0, Math.PI * 2);
                        } else {
                            c.arc(this.x, this.y, this.size, 0, Math.PI * 2);
                        }
                        c.fill();
                        c.restore();
                    }
                }
                // Populate particles
                function setupBoilerParticles() {
                    state.particles = [];
                    // 1. Fire inside furnace: relative to bx=0, by=0
                    for (let i = 0; i < 35; i++) {
                        state.particles.push(new BoilerEffectParticle('fire', [8, 28], [50, 130]));
                    }
                    // 2. Steam bubbles in tubings: relative to bx=0, by=0
                    for (let i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
                        state.particles.push(new BoilerEffectParticle('steam', [132, 162], [45, 150]));
                    }
                    // 3. SmokeStack stack exhaust: relative to bx=0, by=0
                    for (let i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
                        state.particles.push(new BoilerEffectParticle('smoke', [141, 153], [-40, -10]));
                    }
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                    ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.05)';
                    ctx.lineWidth = 1;
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                        ctx.moveTo(x, 0);
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                    // dy = (350 - 160) / 2 = 95
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                    ctx.fillRect(bx, by, bw, bh);
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                    ctx.stroke();
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                    ctx.lineWidth = 2.5;
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    // Draw 3 water tube paths
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                    ctx.lineTo(bx + 135, by + 42);
                    ctx.moveTo(bx + 147, by + bh - 5);
                    ctx.lineTo(bx + 147, by + 42);
                    ctx.moveTo(bx + 159, by + bh - 5);
                    ctx.lineTo(bx + 159, by + 42);
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                    ctx.strokeRect(bx + 122, by + 10, 50, 32);
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                    ctx.strokeRect(bx + 139, by - 12, 16, 12);
                    ctx.restore();
                    // Update and Render effect particles
                    state.particles.forEach(p => {
                        p.update();
                        p.draw(ctx);
                    });
                    // Add small labels on boiler diagram
                    drawLabel('버너 Burner', bx + 18, by + 130, 'center', true);
                    drawLabel('수증기 드럼', bx + 147, by + 26, 'center', true);
                    drawLabel('수관 Tubes', bx + 143, by + 172, 'center', false);
                    // 2. Draw Stacked Loss Bar Chart (Sankey balance on right side)
                    const sX = 265;
                    const sY = 160; 
                    const sW = 60;
                    const sH = 150; 
                    // Compute loss heights proportions
                    const totalL = mathModel.totalLoss;
                    const eff = mathModel.eff;
                    // scale percentage to chart pixels
                    const scalePixel = sH / 100.0;
                    const hEff = eff * scalePixel;
                    const hLdfg = mathModel.ldfg * scalePixel;
                    const hLmois = mathModel.lmois * scalePixel;
                    const hLrad = mathModel.lrad * scalePixel;
                    const hLunb = mathModel.lunb * scalePixel;
                    // Draw stacked segments going up from bottom (Sankey stack)
                    ctx.save();
                    let currentY = sY;
                    // Segment 1: Steam Efficiency (Green)
                    ctx.fillStyle = '#10b981';
                    ctx.fillRect(sX, currentY - hEff, sW, hEff);
                    currentY -= hEff;
                    // Segment 2: Flue Gas Loss (Orange)
                    ctx.fillStyle = '#f97316';
                    ctx.fillRect(sX, currentY - hLdfg, sW, hLdfg);
                    currentY -= hLdfg;
                    // Segment 3: Moisture Loss (Red)
                    ctx.fillStyle = '#ef4444';
                    ctx.fillRect(sX, currentY - hLmois, sW, hLmois);
                    currentY -= hLmois;
                    // Segment 4: Rad Loss (Purple)
                    ctx.fillStyle = '#a855f7';
                    ctx.fillRect(sX, currentY - hLrad, sW, hLrad);
                    currentY -= hLrad;
                    // Segment 5: Unburned loss (Gray)
                    ctx.fillStyle = '#6b7280';
                    ctx.fillRect(sX, currentY - hLunb, sW, hLunb);
                    // Border outline of whole balance bar
                    ctx.strokeStyle = '#334155';
                    ctx.lineWidth = 2;
                    ctx.strokeRect(sX, sY - sH, sW, sH);
                    // Add leader lines and text tags to the right of stack
                    ctx.font = 'bold 10px sans-serif';
                    ctx.textAlign = 'left';
                    ctx.fillStyle = '#0f172a';
                    // Prepare labels with desired default Y coordinates corresponding to segment centers
                    const labels = [
                        { text: `유효 스팀 생산량: ${eff.toFixed(1)}%`, targetY: sY - hEff / 2, color: 'rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.5)' },
                        { text: `배기 배출손실: ${mathModel.ldfg.toFixed(1)}%`, targetY: sY - hEff - hLdfg / 2, color: 'rgba(249, 115, 22, 0.5)' },
                        { text: `연소 잠열손실: ${mathModel.lmois.toFixed(1)}%`, targetY: sY - hEff - hLdfg - hLmois / 2, color: 'rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.5)' },
                        { text: `기타 노벽/미연손실: ${(mathModel.lrad + mathModel.lunb).toFixed(1)}%`, targetY: sY - hEff - hLdfg - hLmois - (hLrad + hLunb) / 2, color: 'rgba(107, 114, 128, 0.5)' }
                     ];
                    // Sort by targetY from top to bottom (small to large)
                    labels.sort((a, b) => a.targetY - b.targetY);
                    // Set initial drawn Y
                    labels.forEach(l => l.drawY = l.targetY);
                    // Forward pass to ensure min gap
                    const minGap = 18;
                    for (let i = 1; i < labels.length; i++) {
                        if (labels[i].drawY < labels[i-1].drawY + minGap) {
                            labels[i].drawY = labels[i-1].drawY + minGap;
                        }
                    }
                    // Backward pass to keep within boundary and align
                    for (let i = labels.length - 2; i >= 0; i--) {
                        if (labels[i].drawY > labels[i+1].drawY - minGap) {
                            labels[i].drawY = labels[i+1].drawY - minGap;
                        }
                    }
                    // Render lines and texts
                    labels.forEach(l => {
                        ctx.strokeStyle = l.color;
                        ctx.lineWidth = 1;
                        ctx.beginPath();
                        // Leader line starts from chart edge at targetY and connects to text label at drawY
                        ctx.moveTo(sX + sW, l.targetY);
                        ctx.lineTo(sX + sW + 12, l.targetY);
                        ctx.lineTo(sX + sW + 20, l.drawY);
                        ctx.stroke();
                        ctx.fillText(l.text, sX + sW + 24, l.drawY + 3);
                    });
                    // Chart overall labels
                    ctx.fillStyle = '#64748b';
                    ctx.font = 'bold 11px sans-serif';
                    ctx.fillText('연료 열량 에너지 밸런스 균형도 (Sankey)', sX - 25, sY + 24);
                    ctx.restore();
                    ctx.restore();
                }
                // Event Listeners mapping
                sliderTair.addEventListener('input', syncTairFromSlider);
                inputTair.addEventListener('change', syncTairFromInput);
                sliderTgas.addEventListener('input', syncTgasFromSlider);
                inputTgas.addEventListener('change', syncTgasFromInput);
                sliderO2.addEventListener('input', syncO2FromSlider);
                inputO2.addEventListener('change', syncO2FromInput);
                sliderLoad.addEventListener('input', syncLoadFromSlider);
                inputLoad.addEventListener('change', syncLoadFromInput);
                selectFuel.addEventListener('change', syncFuelSelect);
                presetBtns.forEach(btn => {
                    btn.addEventListener('click', function() {
                        loadPreset(btn.dataset.preset);
                    });
                });
                // Load initial state
                loadPreset('lng_opt');
                requestAnimationFrame(animate);
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                    return false;
                }, { capture: true });
                document.addEventListener('selectstart', function(e) {
                    e.preventDefault();
                    return false;
                }, { capture: true });
            }
            // Retry loader sequence
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            function tryLoad() {
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                if (!window.__boilerefficiency_initialized) {
                    if (loadAttempts < 50) {
                        setTimeout(tryLoad, 100);
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                document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryLoad);
                window.addEventListener('load', tryLoad);
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</script>


<div style="background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(0,242,254,0.03), rgba(138,43,226,0.03)); border: 1px solid rgba(0,242,254,0.15); border-radius: 12px; padding: 18px 24px; margin: 25px auto 35px auto; font-size: 0.95em; color: #4b5563; line-height: 1.7; font-family: sans-serif;">
    <strong style="color: #1f2937; font-size: 1.05em; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px;">
        <span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f4a1.png" alt="💡" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></span> 간편 사용 설명서
    </strong>
    <ol style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; padding-left: 20px;">
        <li style="margin-bottom: 6px;"><strong>연료 및 부하율 선택: LNG, 중유, 석탄 중 연소할 연료와 보일러의 작동 부하율(%)을 선택합니다.</strong></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 6px;">연소 경계 인자 조절: 흡입 급기 온도(T_air)와 연도 가스 배기 온도(T_gas)를 슬라이더로 조절합니다.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 6px;">배기가스 산소(O₂) 농도 조절: 과잉 공기율을 지배하는 배기가스 내 산소 잔존량을 제어합니다.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 6px;">열손실 분석 및 운전 조건 최적화: 우측 모니터의 손실 분석 바 차트를 모니터링하여 배기가스 손실과 미연 탄소 손실을 최소화하는 최적 효율 운전점을 도출합니다.</li>
    </ol>
</div>


<details class="premium-seo-accordion" style="border: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.08); border-radius: 12px; background: #fbfbfc; padding: 0; margin: 30px auto; box-shadow: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.01); font-family: sans-serif;">
    <summary style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 20px 24px; font-size: 1.1em; font-weight: 700; color: #1f2937; cursor: pointer; user-select: none; outline: none; list-style: none;">
        <span><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f4da.png" alt="📚" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> ASME PTC 4.1 간접 열손실법 계산 이론 해설 보기</span>
        <span class="accordion-arrow" style="font-size: 0.9em; color: #9ca3af; transition: transform 0.2s ease;">▼</span>
    </summary>
    <div style="padding: 0 24px 24px 24px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.04); background: #ffffff; border-radius: 0 0 12px 12px; font-size: 0.98em; color: #374151; line-height: 1.8;">
        <div style="margin-top: 20px;">
            <h3>1. 보일러 열효율 측정법: 직접법 vs 간접법(열손실법)</h3>
<p>보일러의 열효율은 투입된 에너지와 유효하게 얻은 증기 에너지의 비율로 정의됩니다. 이를 계산하는 규격화된 방법에는 ASME PTC 4.1에 의거한 **직접법(Input-Output Method)**과 **간접법(Heat Loss Method)** 두 가지가 있습니다.</p><ul><li><strong>직접법:</strong> 생산된 증기의 흡수 열량을 급탕 유량과 연료 연소량으로 직접 나누는 방법입니다 (η = Q_steam / Q_fuel). 측정이 간편하나 계측 오차에 취약하고 손실 원인을 정밀 진단할 수 없습니다.</li><li><strong>간접법 (열손실법):</strong> 연료 에너지를 100%로 두고, 작동 중 발생하는 모든 개별 열손실 항목들을 합산하여 100에서 차감하는 방식입니다 (η = 100 - ΣLosses). 오차율이 매우 낮고 단열 파손이나 과잉 산소 운전 등 효율 저하의 기계적 원인을 직접 추적할 수 있어 산업용 대형 보일러에서 표준으로 채택됩니다.</li></ul>
<h3>2. ASME 표준 주요 열손실(Heat Loss) 계산 메커니즘</h3>
<p>시뮬레이터에서 연산하는 주요 열손실 4대 항목의 수학적 물리적 배경은 다음과 같습니다.</p><p><strong>① 배기 건조 가스 손실 (Dry Flue Gas Loss, L_dfg):</strong> 배기가스 속의 수증기를 제외한 건조 가스가 굴뚝으로 빠져나가며 버려지는 열량입니다. 연도 가스 온도(T_gas)가 높거나 과잉 공기(O₂ 농도)가 많을수록 열 손실이 정비례하여 상승합니다.</p><p style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: #f3f4f6; padding: 12px; border-radius: 8px;">L_dfg = K × (T_gas - T_air) / (21 - O₂) &nbsp;[%]</p><p><strong>② 수분 및 수소 연소 손실 (Moisture & H₂ Loss, L_mois):</strong> 연료 내 함유된 수분과 연료 내 수소 성분이 연소하여 생성된 H₂O가 증발 잠열을 가지고 증기로 날아가 발생하는 손실입니다. 수소 비율이 높은 LNG 연료에서 특히 크게 작용합니다.</p><p><strong>③ 방산 및 대류 손실 (Radiation Loss, L_rad):</strong> 보일러 드럼 및 노 벽면 케이싱 외벽을 통해 외부 대기로 빼앗기는 열손실입니다. 부하율(Load Factor)이 낮아질수록(단위 생산량 대비 벽면 면적 비율 증가) 대수적으로 급격히 증가합니다.</p><p style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: #e0f2fe; padding: 16px; border-radius: 8px; font-size: 1.05em; color: #0369a1;">L_rad = C_rad / (Load_Factor / 100) &nbsp;[%]</p><p><strong>④ 미연소 손실 (Unburned combustibles Loss, L_unb):</strong> 불완전 연소로 인해 그을음이나 CO 가스가 발생하여 방출되는 손실입니다. 과잉 산소(O₂) 공급이 극도로 차단되는 질식 연소 구역에서 기하급수적으로 폭증합니다.</p>
<h3>3. 보일러 효율 향상을 위한 최적 연소 제어법</h3>
<p>보일러 운전원은 배기가스 온도와 산소 농도를 상시 감시해야 합니다. 배기 온도를 너무 내리면 배기가스 속 산성 성분이 응축되어 노점 부식(Cold-end Corrosion)을 유발하므로 대개 130~160°C 유지가 적절합니다. 또한 산소를 3~4% 선으로 낮게 운전하는 것이 과잉 급기로 인한 열 풍선을 막는 친환경 스마트 운전 기법입니다.</p>
        </div>
    </div>
</details>
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