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<channel>
	<title>압력용기 &#8211; MyEngNote</title>
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		<title>압력용기 계산기 &#038; 시뮬레이터</title>
		<link>https://myengnote.com/thin-walled-pressure-vessel-calculator-2/</link>
					<comments>https://myengnote.com/thin-walled-pressure-vessel-calculator-2/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[동동]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 11 Jun 2026 23:05:44 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[공학계산기]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[압력용기]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[원주응력]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[재료역학]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[축방향응력]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://myengnote.com/thin-walled-pressure-vessel-calculator-2/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[실린더형 및 구형 압력용기의 내경, 벽면 두께, 작동 내압 및 재료 항복강도를 조절하여 박막 압력용기 공식에 입각한 원주 응력(Hoop), 축 방향 응력(Longitudinal), 최대 전단 응력 및 안전율과 파열 시뮬레이션을 제공하는 계산기입니다.]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h2 style="font-size: 1.6em; font-weight: 800; color: #0c0e25; border-bottom: 2px solid #00f2fe; padding-bottom: 8px; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f680.png" alt="🚀" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 압력용기 계산기 &#038; 시뮬레이터</h2>


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/* ━━ WordPress 레이아웃 Override: 디자인 1 (2열 컴팩트 대칭 레이아웃) ━━ */
.pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper .app-main-grid,
.pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper .main-grid,
.pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper .sim-grid {
    display: grid !important;
    grid-template-columns: 340px 1fr !important;
    gap: 24px !important;
    align-items: start !important;
}
/* 3열 레이아웃을 2열 레이아웃으로 변경하는 특화 스타일 */
.pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper .right-column {
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    gap: 24px !important;
    min-width: 0 !important;
    grid-column: 2 !important;
}
.pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper .simulation-panel,
.pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper .canvas-panel,
.pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper .sim-panel {
    grid-column: auto !important;
    order: 1 !important;
    align-self: stretch !important;
}
.pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper .control-panel {
    grid-column: 1 !important;
}
/* 2열 통합 결과 분석 영역 레이아웃 */
.pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section {
    display: grid !important;
    grid-template-columns: 1.1fr 1.3fr !important;
    gap: 20px !important;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border) !important;
    padding-top: 20px !important;
    margin-top: 10px !important;
    align-items: stretch !important;
}
/* Readout Box 스타일 */
.pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .ratio-readout-box,
.pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .re-readout-box,
.pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .status-readout-box,
.pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .gauge-container {
    grid-column: 1 !important;
    grid-row: 1 !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
    height: auto !important;
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    justify-content: center !important;
}
.pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .results-grid {
    grid-column: 2 !important;
    grid-row: 1 / span 2 !important;
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    gap: 12px !important;
    justify-content: flex-start !important;
}
.pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .results-grid .result-card {
    flex: none !important;
    display: flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    min-height: 72px !important;
    height: auto !important;
    padding: 12px 16px !important;
}
.pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .formula-card {
    grid-column: 1 !important;
    grid-row: 2 !important;
}
/* 모바일/반응형 (800px 이하) ── 항상 세로형(1열) 정렬 및 시뮬레이터 캔버스 최상단 배치 */
@media (max-width: 800px) {
    .pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper .app-main-grid,
    .pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper .main-grid,
    .pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper .sim-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
        display: flex !important;
        flex-direction: column !important;
    }
    .pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper .control-panel {
        order: 2 !important;
        width: 100% !important;
    }
    .pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper .right-column {
        order: 1 !important;
        width: 100% !important;
        display: flex !important;
        flex-direction: column !important;
    }
    .pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper .simulation-panel,
    .pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper .canvas-panel,
    .pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper .sim-panel,
    .pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper .canvas-section {
        order: -1 !important;
    }
    .pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
    }
    .pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .ratio-readout-box,
    .pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .re-readout-box,
    .pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .status-readout-box,
    .pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .gauge-container {
        grid-column: 1 !important;
        grid-row: auto !important;
        height: auto !important;
    }
    .pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .results-grid {
        grid-column: 1 !important;
        grid-row: auto !important;
    }
    .pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .formula-card {
        grid-column: 1 !important;
        grid-row: auto !important;
    }
}
.pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper .app-container,
.pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper .main-container {
    max-width: 100% !important;
    padding: 12px !important;
}
/* Premium Advice/Formula Card & Typography Overrides */
.pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .formula-card,
.pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper .results-panel .formula-card {
    background: #ffffff !important;
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border) !important;
    border-radius: 12px !important;
    padding: 16px !important;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-card) !important;
    transition: all 0.2s ease !important;
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    gap: 8px !important;
}
.pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .formula-card h4,
.pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper .results-panel .formula-card h4 {
    font-weight: 700 !important;
    color: var(--color-text-main) !important;
}
.pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper #text-judgment {
    font-size: 12px !important;
    font-weight: 500 !important;
    color: var(--color-text-muted) !important;
    line-height: 1.6 !important;
    word-break: keep-all !important;
}
</style>
<div class="pressure-vessel-calculator-wrapper" style="position: relative; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow: hidden; margin: 30px auto; border-radius: 20px;">
    <div class="app-background-glow" style="position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; z-index: 1; pointer-events: none; overflow: hidden;"></div>
    <div style="position: relative; z-index: 2; width: 100%;">
    <div class="app-container">
        <!-- Header -->
        <header class="app-header">
            <div class="logo-area">
                <div class="logo-icon"><i class="fa-solid fa-circle-notch"></i></div>
                <div>
                    <h1>PRESSURE VESSEL</h1>
                    <div class="subtitle">압력용기 응력 계산기 &#038; 실시간 2D 파열 시뮬레이터</div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="header-badge">
                <div class="pulse-dot"></div>
                <div class="badge-text">VESSEL CORE ACTIVE</div>
            </div>
        </header>
        <!-- Main Layout Grid -->
        <main class="app-main-grid">
            <!-- Left Panel: Controls -->
            <section class="panel control-panel">
                <div class="panel-header">
                    <i class="fa-solid fa-sliders text-cyan"></i>
                    <h2>시뮬레이션 제어 변수</h2>
                </div>
                <!-- Vessel Shape Tab -->
                <div class="tab-group">
                    <button id="tab-cylindrical" class="tab-btn active">
                        <i class="fa-solid fa-capsules"></i> 실린더형 (Cylinder)
                    </button>
                    <button id="tab-spherical" class="tab-btn">
                        <i class="fa-solid fa-globe"></i> 구형 (Sphere)
                    </button>
                </div>
                <!-- Pressure p -->
                <div class="input-group">
                    <div class="input-label-row">
                        <label><i class="fa-solid fa-gauge-simple-high text-magenta"></i> 내부 작동 압력 (p)</label>
                        <span class="helper-text">탱크 내 가스압 (0.0 ~ 10.0 MPa)</span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="number-input-wrapper">
                        <input type="number" id="input-p" class="custom-number-input" min="0" max="10" step="0.1" value="2.5">
                        <div class="unit-badge">MPa</div>
                    </div>
                    <input type="range" id="slider-p" class="custom-slider" min="0" max="10" step="0.1" value="2.5">
                </div>
                <!-- Diameter D -->
                <div class="input-group">
                    <div class="input-label-row">
                        <label><i class="fa-solid fa-arrows-alt text-cyan"></i> 용기 내부 지름 (D)</label>
                        <span class="helper-text">내경 (100 ~ 2000 mm)</span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="number-input-wrapper">
                        <input type="number" id="input-d" class="custom-number-input" min="100" max="2000" value="800">
                        <div class="unit-badge">mm</div>
                    </div>
                    <input type="range" id="slider-d" class="custom-slider" min="100" max="2000" value="800">
                </div>
                <!-- Thickness t -->
                <div class="input-group">
                    <div class="input-label-row">
                        <label><i class="fa-solid fa-layer-group text-purple"></i> 벽면 외곽 두께 (t)</label>
                        <span class="helper-text">용기 철판 두께 (2 ~ 100 mm)</span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="number-input-wrapper">
                        <input type="number" id="input-t" class="custom-number-input" min="2" max="100" value="16">
                        <div class="unit-badge">mm</div>
                    </div>
                    <input type="range" id="slider-t" class="custom-slider" min="2" max="100" value="16">
                </div>
                <!-- Yield Strength Sy -->
                <div class="input-group">
                    <div class="input-label-row">
                        <label><i class="fa-solid fa-shield"></i> 재료 항복 강도 (Sy)</label>
                        <span class="helper-text">철판 한계 내력 (100 ~ 600 MPa)</span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="number-input-wrapper">
                        <input type="number" id="input-sy" class="custom-number-input" min="100" max="600" value="250">
                        <div class="unit-badge">MPa</div>
                    </div>
                    <input type="range" id="slider-sy" class="custom-slider" min="100" max="600" value="250">
                </div>
            </section>
            <!-- Auto Injected Right Column wrapper for Design 1 -->
            <div class="right-column">
                <section class="panel simulation-panel">
                                <div class="panel-header">
                                    <div style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px;">
                                        <i class="fa-solid fa-chart-line text-cyan"></i>
                                        <h2>용기 팽창 거동 &#038; 고압 파열 가상 모사</h2>
                                    </div>
                                    <div id="txt-vessel-state" class="canvas-scale-indicator"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/2705.png" alt="✅" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 박막 압력용기 조건 만족 (Thin-walled active)</div>
                                </div>
                                <div class="canvas-wrapper">
                                    <canvas id="physics-canvas"></canvas>
                                    <!-- Overlay Floating Data -->
                                    <div class="canvas-overlay-data">
                                        <div class="overlay-item">
                                            <span class="label">원주 응력 (σh):</span>
                                            <span class="value text-cyan" id="txt-stress-overlay">0.0 MPa</span>
                                        </div>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                                <!-- Reset Button -->
                                <div class="btn-action-row">
                                    <button id="btn-reset-vessel" class="primary-btn"><i class="fa-solid fa-rotate-left"></i> 파열 탱크 복원</button>
                                </div>
                                <!-- Mini Metrics -->
                                <div class="simulation-metrics-strip">
                                    <div class="mini-metric">
                                        <div class="label">두께 대 직경 비율 (t/D)</div>
                                        <div id="txt-td-ratio" class="value">0.020</div>
                                    </div>
                                    <div class="mini-divider"></div>
                                    <div class="mini-metric">
                                        <div class="label">원주응력 대비 축방향 비율</div>
                                        <div id="txt-stress-ratio-mini" class="value">2 : 1</div>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                            <div class="simulation-results-section">
                                <div class="ratio-readout-box">
                                    <div class="ratio-title">현재 벽면 안전율 (F.S.)</div>
                                    <div id="txt-safety-factor" class="ratio-value">2.45</div>
                                    <div id="txt-safety-desc" class="ratio-type">탄성 거동 상태</div>
                                </div>
                                <div class="results-grid">
                                    <!-- Hoop stress -->
                                    <div class="result-card">
                                        <div class="card-icon"><i class="fa-solid fa-circle-dot text-cyan"></i></div>
                                        <div class="card-content">
                                            <span class="card-unit">원주 / 호프 응력 (σh)</span>
                                            <span id="txt-hoop-stress" class="card-value">0.0 MPa</span>
                                        </div>
                                    </div>
                                    <!-- Longitudinal stress -->
                                    <div class="result-card">
                                        <div class="card-icon"><i class="fa-solid fa-arrows-alt-h text-purple"></i></div>
                                        <div class="card-content">
                                            <span class="card-unit">축 방향 응력 (σl)</span>
                                            <span id="txt-long-stress" class="card-value">0.0 MPa</span>
                                        </div>
                                    </div>
                                    <!-- Max Shear -->
                                    <div class="result-card">
                                        <div class="card-icon"><i class="fa-solid fa-scissors text-magenta"></i></div>
                                        <div class="card-content">
                                            <span class="card-unit">최대 전단 응력 (τmax)</span>
                                            <span id="txt-shear-stress" class="card-value">0.0 MPa</span>
                                        </div>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                                <div class="formula-card">
                                    <h4>박막 이론 팽창 응력식</h4>
                                    <div class="formula-equation" id="formula-txt-1">σh = p × D / (2 × t)</div>
                                    <div class="formula-equation" id="formula-txt-2">σl = p × D / (4 × t)</div>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                </section>
            </div>
        </main>
        <!-- Disclaimer Footer -->
        <footer class="app-disclaimer" style="margin-top: 20px; padding: 12px 16px; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.015); border: 1px solid var(--color-border); border-radius: 12px; font-size: 11px; color: var(--color-text-muted); line-height: 1.5; text-align: left; display: flex; gap: 10px; align-items: flex-start; clear: both;">
            <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-info" style="color: var(--color-cyan); font-size: 14px; margin-top: 2px; flex-shrink: 0;"></i>
            <span><strong>면책 조항 (Disclaimer):</strong> 본 시뮬레이터의 계산 결과는 교육 및 참고용으로만 제공되며, 실제 제품 설계나 제작 시에는 반드시 최신 공학 규격 및 공식 표준 설계 기준을 재확인하시기 바랍니다. 계산 값의 무결성을 보장하지 않으며, 이로 인해 발생하는 직접적/간접적 손해에 대해 제작자 및 본 블로그는 어떠한 책임을 지지 않습니다.</span>
        </footer>
</div>
    <!-- Physics & Animation Engine -->
    </div>
</div>
<script>
        (function() {
        let isInit = false;
        function initSimulator() {
            if (isInit) return;
            const canvas = document.getElementById('physics-canvas');
            if (!canvas) return;
            const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
            if (!ctx) return;
            isInit = true;
            window.__vessel_initialized = true;
            // DOM Elements
            const tabCylindrical = document.getElementById('tab-cylindrical');
            const tabSpherical = document.getElementById('tab-spherical');
            const sliderP = document.getElementById('slider-p');
            const inputP = document.getElementById('input-p');
            const sliderD = document.getElementById('slider-d');
            const inputD = document.getElementById('input-d');
            const sliderT = document.getElementById('slider-t');
            const inputT = document.getElementById('input-t');
            const sliderSy = document.getElementById('slider-sy');
            const inputSy = document.getElementById('input-sy');
            const btnReset = document.getElementById('btn-reset-vessel');
            const txtVesselState = document.getElementById('txt-vessel-state');
            const txtStressOverlay = document.getElementById('txt-stress-overlay');
            const txtTdRatio = document.getElementById('txt-td-ratio');
            const txtStressRatioMini = document.getElementById('txt-stress-ratio-mini');
            const txtSafetyFactor = document.getElementById('txt-safety-factor');
            const txtSafetyDesc = document.getElementById('txt-safety-desc');
            const txtHoopStress = document.getElementById('txt-hoop-stress');
            const txtLongStress = document.getElementById('txt-long-stress');
            const txtShearStress = document.getElementById('txt-shear-stress');
            const formulaTxt1 = document.getElementById('formula-txt-1');
            const formulaTxt2 = document.getElementById('formula-txt-2');
            // State variables
            const state = {
                type: 'cylindrical', // cylindrical, spherical
                p: 2.5, // MPa
                D: 800.0, // mm
                t: 16.0, // mm
                Sy: 250.0, // MPa
                particles: [], // high pressure gas particles
                time: 0
            };
            // Reset burst particles & pressure
            btnReset.addEventListener('click', function() {
                state.p = 1.0;
                sliderP.value = 1.0;
                inputP.value = 1.0;
                state.particles = [];
                updateCalculations();
            });
            // Resizing
            function resizeCanvas() {
                const rect = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
                const dpr = window.devicePixelRatio || 1;
                canvas.width = rect.width * dpr;
                canvas.height = rect.height * dpr;
                ctx.setTransform(1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0); // reset before re-scaling
                ctx.scale(dpr, dpr);
            }
            resizeCanvas();
            window.addEventListener('resize', resizeCanvas);
            setTimeout(resizeCanvas, 300);
            // Sync helper
            function makeSync(slider, input, key, isFloat) {
                slider.addEventListener('input', function() {
                    let val = parseFloat(slider.value);
                    if (!isFloat) { val = parseInt(slider.value); }
                    input.value = isFloat ? val.toFixed(1) : val;
                    state[key] = val;
                    updateCalculations();
                });
                input.addEventListener('change', function() {
                    let val = parseFloat(input.value);
                    const min = parseFloat(input.min);
                    const max = parseFloat(input.max);
                    if (isNaN(val)) { val = min; }
                    if (val < min) { val = min; }
                    if (val > max) { val = max; }
                    slider.value = val;
                    state[key] = val;
                    updateCalculations();
                });
            }
            makeSync(sliderP, inputP, 'p', true);
            makeSync(sliderD, inputD, 'D', false);
            makeSync(sliderT, inputT, 't', false);
            makeSync(sliderSy, inputSy, 'Sy', false);
            // Tabs
            tabCylindrical.addEventListener('click', function() {
                tabCylindrical.classList.add('active');
                tabSpherical.classList.remove('active');
                state.type = 'cylindrical';
                formulaTxt1.innerText = 'σh = p × D / (2 × t)';
                formulaTxt2.innerText = 'σl = p × D / (4 × t)';
                txtStressRatioMini.innerText = '2 : 1';
                updateCalculations();
            });
            tabSpherical.addEventListener('click', function() {
                tabSpherical.classList.add('active');
                tabCylindrical.classList.remove('active');
                state.type = 'spherical';
                formulaTxt1.innerText = 'σh = p × D / (4 × t)';
                formulaTxt2.innerText = 'σl = p × D / (4 × t)';
                txtStressRatioMini.innerText = '1 : 1';
                updateCalculations();
            });
            // Calculations
            function updateCalculations() {
                const td = state.t / state.D;
                txtTdRatio.innerText = td.toFixed(3);
                if (td > 0.1) {
                    txtVesselState.innerText = '&#x26a0; 두꺼운 압력용기 범주 (Thick-walled recommended)';
                    txtVesselState.style.color = 'var(--color-warning)';
                    txtVesselState.style.backgroundColor = 'rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.08)';
                    txtVesselState.style.borderColor = 'rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.2)';
                } else {
                    txtVesselState.innerText = '&#x2705; 박막 압력용기 조건 만족 (Thin-walled active)';
                    txtVesselState.style.color = 'var(--color-success)';
                    txtVesselState.style.backgroundColor = 'rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.08)';
                    txtVesselState.style.borderColor = 'rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.2)';
                }
                let sig_h = 0.0;
                let sig_l = 0.0;
                let tau_max = 0.0;
                if (state.type === 'cylindrical') {
                    sig_h = (state.p * state.D) / (2.0 * state.t);
                    sig_l = (state.p * state.D) / (4.0 * state.t);
                    tau_max = sig_h / 2.0;
                } else {
                    sig_h = (state.p * state.D) / (4.0 * state.t);
                    sig_l = (state.p * state.D) / (4.0 * state.t);
                    tau_max = sig_h / 2.0; // out-of-plane maximum shear stress is sig_h/2
                }
                txtHoopStress.innerText = sig_h.toFixed(1) + ' MPa';
                txtLongStress.innerText = sig_l.toFixed(1) + ' MPa';
                txtShearStress.innerText = tau_max.toFixed(1) + ' MPa';
                txtStressOverlay.innerText = sig_h.toFixed(1) + ' MPa';
                let fs = state.Sy / sig_h;
                if (sig_h === 0) { fs = 99.0; }
                if (fs > 99) {
                    txtSafetyFactor.innerText = '무한대';
                } else {
                    txtSafetyFactor.innerText = fs.toFixed(2);
                }
                if (fs >= 1.0) {
                    txtSafetyDesc.innerText = '탄성 안정 상태';
                    txtSafetyDesc.style.color = '#10b981';
                } else {
                    txtSafetyDesc.innerText = '고압 용기 파열 (BURST)';
                    txtSafetyDesc.style.color = '#db2777';
                }
            }
            // Animation Loop
            function animate() {
                requestAnimationFrame(animate);
                state.time += 0.05;
                const width = canvas.width / (window.devicePixelRatio || 1);
                const height = canvas.height / (window.devicePixelRatio || 1);
                ctx.clearRect(0, 0, width, height);
                // Draw blueprint grid
                ctx.save();
                ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.05)';
                ctx.lineWidth = 1;
                for (let x = 0; x < width; x += 30) {
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.moveTo(x, 0);
                    ctx.lineTo(x, height);
                    ctx.stroke();
                }
                for (let y = 0; y < height; y += 30) {
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.moveTo(0, y);
                    ctx.lineTo(width, y);
                    ctx.stroke();
                }
                ctx.restore();
                // Compute parameters
                let sig_h = 0.0;
                if (state.type === 'cylindrical') {
                    sig_h = (state.p * state.D) / (2.0 * state.t);
                } else {
                    sig_h = (state.p * state.D) / (4.0 * state.t);
                }
                const isFailed = sig_h > state.Sy;
                const cX = width / 2;
                const cY = height / 2;
                // Visual base radii mapping
                const baseRad = 70 + (state.D / 2000) * 35; 
                // Visual thickness scaling
                const visThickness = 3 + (state.t / 100) * 14;
                // Elastic expansion scale
                let expScale = 1.0;
                if (state.p > 0) {
                    expScale = 1.0 + (state.p / 10.0) * 0.04;
                }
                // Spawning pressurized steam particles if failed (burst!)
                const crackX = cX + baseRad * expScale;
                const crackY = cY;
                if (isFailed) {
                    // Spawn particles
                    for (let j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
                        state.particles.push({
                            x: crackX,
                            y: crackY,
                            vx: 3 + Math.random() * 5,
                            vy: (Math.random() - 0.5) * 4,
                            size: 2 + Math.random() * 6,
                            alpha: 1.0
                        });
                    }
                }
                // Render escaping particles
                ctx.save();
                for (let i = state.particles.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                    const p = state.particles[i];
                    p.x += p.vx;
                    p.y += p.vy;
                    p.alpha -= 0.015;
                    if (p.alpha <= 0) {
                        state.particles.splice(i, 1);
                    } else {
                        ctx.fillStyle = `rgba(2, 132, 199, ${0.4 * p.alpha})`;
                        ctx.beginPath();
                        ctx.arc(p.x, p.y, p.size, 0, Math.PI*2);
                        ctx.fill();
                    }
                }
                ctx.restore();
                // Draw Pressure Vessel Body
                ctx.save();
                ctx.lineWidth = visThickness;
                if (isFailed) {
                    ctx.strokeStyle = '#db2777';
                    ctx.shadowBlur = 8;
                    ctx.shadowColor = 'rgba(219, 39, 119, 0.15)';
                } else {
                    ctx.strokeStyle = '#0284c7';
                }
                if (state.type === 'cylindrical') {
                    // Cylindrical capsule shape
                    const capLength = 65; 
                    const totalR = baseRad * expScale;
                    // Inner shell drawing
                    ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.02)';
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.arc(cX - capLength, cY, totalR, Math.PI/2, Math.PI * 1.5);
                    ctx.lineTo(cX + capLength, cY - totalR);
                    ctx.arc(cX + capLength, cY, totalR, Math.PI * 1.5, Math.PI/2);
                    ctx.closePath();
                    ctx.fill();
                    ctx.stroke();
                    // Radial outward pressure force vectors
                    ctx.strokeStyle = '#db2777';
                    ctx.fillStyle = '#db2777';
                    ctx.lineWidth = 1.8;
                    // Draw a set of outward arrows from center axis
                    for (let ang = 0; ang < Math.PI * 2; ang += Math.PI / 4) {
                        const startR = 10;
                        const endR = totalR - 10;
                        const sX = cX + Math.cos(ang) * startR;
                        const sY = cY + Math.sin(ang) * startR;
                        const eX = cX + Math.cos(ang) * endR;
                        const eY = cY + Math.sin(ang) * endR;
                        ctx.beginPath();
                        ctx.moveTo(sX, sY);
                        ctx.lineTo(eX, eY);
                        ctx.stroke();
                        // Arrowhead
                        ctx.beginPath();
                        ctx.moveTo(eX, eY);
                        ctx.lineTo(eX - 5 * Math.cos(ang - 0.3), eY - 5 * Math.sin(ang - 0.3));
                        ctx.lineTo(eX - 5 * Math.cos(ang + 0.3), eY - 5 * Math.sin(ang + 0.3));
                        ctx.closePath();
                        ctx.fill();
                    }
                    // Red crack marking if ruptured
                    if (isFailed) {
                        ctx.strokeStyle = 'red';
                        ctx.lineWidth = 3;
                        ctx.beginPath();
                        ctx.moveTo(cX + capLength, cY - 10);
                        ctx.lineTo(cX + capLength + totalR, cY);
                        ctx.lineTo(cX + capLength, cY + 10);
                        ctx.stroke();
                    }
                } else {
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<div style="background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(0,242,254,0.03), rgba(138,43,226,0.03)); border: 1px solid rgba(0,242,254,0.15); border-radius: 12px; padding: 18px 24px; margin: 25px auto 35px auto; font-size: 0.95em; color: #4b5563; line-height: 1.7; font-family: sans-serif;">
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    </strong>
    <ol style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; padding-left: 20px;">
        <li style="margin-bottom: 6px;"><strong>용기 형상 타입 선택: 상단 탭에서 가스 탱크에 쓰이는 실린더형 용기(Cylindrical Vessel) 또는 구형 저장 탱크(Spherical Vessel) 중 하나를 선택합니다.</strong></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 6px;">용기 치수 및 허용 압력 입력: 슬라이더로 내부 지름(D), 외벽 두께(t), 내부 작용 가스/액체 압력(p)을 입력합니다.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 6px;">재료 한계치 조절: 압력 용기 철판의 고유 한계값인 항복 강도(Sy)를 세부 설정합니다.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 6px;">안전 진단 및 초고압 파열 관찰: 용기 두께 조건(t/D < 0.1 박막 이론 범위)을 진단받고, 내부 압력이 강도 한계를 초과하여 발생하는 국부 파열(Burst) 및 초고압 가스 분사 입자 애니메이션을 확인합니다.</li>
    </ol>
</div>


<details class="premium-seo-accordion" style="border: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.08); border-radius: 12px; background: #fbfbfc; padding: 0; margin: 30px auto; box-shadow: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.01); font-family: sans-serif;">
    <summary style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 20px 24px; font-size: 1.1em; font-weight: 700; color: #1f2937; cursor: pointer; user-select: none; outline: none; list-style: none;">
        <span><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f4da.png" alt="📚" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 박막 압력용기(Thin-Walled Pressure Vessel) 공학 이론 공식 확인하기</span>
        <span class="accordion-arrow" style="font-size: 0.9em; color: #9ca3af; transition: transform 0.2s ease;">▼</span>
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        <div style="margin-top: 20px;">
            <h3>1. 박막 압력용기(Thin-Walled Pressure Vessel)의 전제 조건</h3>
<p>내부에 고압의 가스나 액체를 저장하는 용기를 <strong>압력용기(Pressure Vessel)</strong>라고 부릅니다. 이 용기 중 외벽 두께 <code>t</code>가 용기 내부 반지름 <code>r</code> 또는 내경 <code>D</code>에 비해 매우 얇은 부류를 <strong>박막 압력용기(Thin-Walled Pressure Vessel)</strong>로 정의합니다.</p><p>통상적으로 두께 대 내경 비율이 다음과 같은 조건을 만족할 때 박막 이론을 안전하게 적용합니다:</p><p style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: #f3f4f6; padding: 12px; border-radius: 8px;">t / D &le; 0.1 &nbsp;(혹은&nbsp; t / r &le; 0.1)</p><p>이 조건 하에서는 벽 두께 전반에 걸친 응력 분포가 매우 균일하다고 가정할 수 있어 단순 대수방정식으로 벽면에 유도되는 평면 응력(Normal Stress)을 정밀 산출할 수 있습니다.</p>
<h3>2. 원주 응력(Hoop Stress)과 축방향 응력(Longitudinal Stress)</h3>
<p>내부 가스압에 의해 용기가 팽창하려 할 때, 내부 벽면에 수직하게 유도되는 주요 응력들은 다음과 같습니다.</p><p><strong>① 실린더형 용기 (Cylindrical Pressure Vessel):</strong></p><ul><li><strong>원주 응력/호프 응력 (Hoop Stress, &sigma;_h):</strong> 실린더 원주 방향으로 둥글게 찢어지려는 응력으로, 종방향 용접부 등에 직접 작용하는 지표입니다.<br><span style="font-weight:bold; color: #0284c7;">&sigma;_h = (p &times; D) / (2 &times; t) &nbsp;[MPa]</span></li><li><strong>축방향 응력 (Longitudinal Stress, &sigma;_l):</strong> 실린더 축 길이 방향으로 밀어내는 응력입니다.<br><span style="font-weight:bold; color: #purple;">&sigma;_l = (p &times; D) / (4 &times; t) &nbsp;[MPa]</span></li></ul><p>&sigma;_h가 &sigma;_l에 비해 정확히 <strong>2배</strong> 더 큽니다. 따라서 실린더 가스 용기가 터질 때는 항상 세로 방향으로 길게 갈라지면서 파단됩니다.</p><p><strong>② 구형 용기 (Spherical Pressure Vessel):</strong></p><p>모든 방향으로 완벽한 대칭을 이룸에 따라, 모든 접선 방향 응력이 축방향 응력 공식과 같아집니다.</p><p style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: #e0f2fe; padding: 16px; border-radius: 8px; font-size: 1.05em; color: #0369a1;">&sigma;_h = &sigma;_l = (p &times; D) / (4 &times; t) &nbsp;[MPa]</p><p>따라서 구형 용기는 동일 지름과 압력 조건 하에서 실린더형 용기보다 두께를 절반으로 얇게 설계해도 동일한 안전 수준을 확보하므로 고압 대형 저장소에 매우 경제적인 형상입니다.</p>
<h3>3. 구조 파손 및 최대 전단 응력(Max Shear Stress) 계산</h3>
<p>압력용기 판재 내에서 45도 미끄러짐을 일으켜 면외(Out-of-Plane) 소성 유동을 야기하는 <strong>최대 전단 응력(&tau;_max)</strong>은 다음과 같이 모원의 역학 관계에서 정의됩니다.</p><p><strong>실린더형 용기 최대 전단 응력:</strong></p><p style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: #f3f4f6; padding: 12px; border-radius: 8px;">&tau;_max = &sigma;_h / 2 = (p &times; D) / (4 &times; t)</p><p>허용 응력 혹은 항복 강도(Sy)에 도달하면 용기 쉘 벽면의 국부 부위가 인장 파괴 한계에 직면하여 파열(Burst) 현상이 초래되므로 밸브 보호와 비파괴 가공 관리가 철저히 준수되어야 합니다.</p>
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