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<channel>
	<title>오일러좌굴 &#8211; MyEngNote</title>
	<atom:link href="https://myengnote.com/tag/%ec%98%a4%ec%9d%bc%eb%9f%ac%ec%a2%8c%ea%b5%b4/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>https://myengnote.com</link>
	<description></description>
	<lastBuildDate>Wed, 08 Jul 2026 04:42:28 +0000</lastBuildDate>
	<language>ko-KR</language>
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	<item>
		<title>오일러 좌굴 계산기 &#038; 시뮬레이터</title>
		<link>https://myengnote.com/euler-buckling-column-calculator/</link>
					<comments>https://myengnote.com/euler-buckling-column-calculator/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[동동]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 13 Jun 2026 03:46:04 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[공학계산기]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[구조역학]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[기둥설계]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[오일러좌굴]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[좌굴하중]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://myengnote.com/euler-buckling-column-calculator/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[기둥의 길이, 지지 조건(양단 핀, 일단 고정 일단 자유, 양단 고정, 일단 고정 일단 핀) 및 하중과 강성을 실시간 연동하여 기둥이 컴프레션 하중을 이기지 못하고 횡방향으로 휘어지는 임계 좌굴 하중(Pcr)을 시각화 분석하는 시뮬레이터입니다.]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h2 style="font-size: 1.6em; font-weight: 800; color: #0c0e25; border-bottom: 2px solid #00f2fe; padding-bottom: 8px; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f680.png" alt="🚀" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 오일러 좌굴 계산기 &#038; 시뮬레이터</h2>


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        .simulation-panel {
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            display: block;
            width: 100%;
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        .canvas-overlay-data {
            position: absolute;
            top: 16px;
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            pointer-events: none;
            display: flex;
            flex-direction: column;
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        .overlay-item {
            background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
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            align-items: center;
            gap: 8px;
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            align-items: center;
            gap: 10px;
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            flex-direction: column;
            align-items: center;
            gap: 4px;
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        .mini-metric .label {
            font-size: 10px;
            font-weight: 600;
            color: var(--color-text-muted);
            text-transform: uppercase;
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            font-family: var(--font-heading);
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        .results-panel {
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            gap: 6px;
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            border-radius: 12px;
            padding: 12px 16px;
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            align-items: center;
            gap: 16px;
            transition: all 0.2s ease;
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            height: 38px;
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            border-radius: 10px;
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            justify-content: center;
            font-size: 14px;
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            font-size: 11px;
            font-weight: 600;
            color: var(--color-text-muted);
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        .card-value {
            font-family: var(--font-heading);
            font-weight: 700;
            font-size: 17px;
            color: var(--color-text-main);
        }
        .formula-card {
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            border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
            border-radius: 12px;
            padding: 16px;
            display: flex;
            flex-direction: column;
            gap: 8px;
            font-size: 12px;
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        .formula-card h4 {
            font-weight: 700;
            color: var(--color-text-main);
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        .formula-equation {
            font-family: monospace;
            color: var(--color-cyan);
            font-size: 13px;
            background: #f8fafc;
            padding: 6px 10px;
            border-radius: 6px;
            border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
            text-align: center;
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/* ━━ WordPress 레이아웃 Override: 디자인 1 (2열 컴팩트 대칭 레이아웃) ━━ */
.euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper .app-main-grid,
.euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper .main-grid,
.euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper .sim-grid {
    display: grid !important;
    grid-template-columns: 340px 1fr !important;
    gap: 24px !important;
    align-items: start !important;
}
/* 3열 레이아웃을 2열 레이아웃으로 변경하는 특화 스타일 */
.euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper .right-column {
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    gap: 24px !important;
    min-width: 0 !important;
    grid-column: 2 !important;
}
.euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper .simulation-panel,
.euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper .canvas-panel,
.euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper .sim-panel {
    grid-column: auto !important;
    order: 1 !important;
    align-self: stretch !important;
}
.euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper .control-panel {
    grid-column: 1 !important;
}
/* 2열 통합 결과 분석 영역 레이아웃 */
.euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section {
    display: grid !important;
    grid-template-columns: 1.1fr 1.3fr !important;
    gap: 20px !important;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border) !important;
    padding-top: 20px !important;
    margin-top: 10px !important;
    align-items: stretch !important;
}
/* Readout Box 스타일 */
.euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .ratio-readout-box,
.euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .re-readout-box,
.euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .status-readout-box,
.euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .gauge-container {
    grid-column: 1 !important;
    grid-row: 1 !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
    height: auto !important;
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    justify-content: center !important;
}
.euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .results-grid {
    grid-column: 2 !important;
    grid-row: 1 / span 2 !important;
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    gap: 12px !important;
    justify-content: flex-start !important;
}
.euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .results-grid .result-card {
    flex: none !important;
    display: flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    min-height: 72px !important;
    height: auto !important;
    padding: 12px 16px !important;
}
.euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .formula-card {
    grid-column: 1 !important;
    grid-row: 2 !important;
}
/* 모바일/반응형 (800px 이하) ── 항상 세로형(1열) 정렬 및 시뮬레이터 캔버스 최상단 배치 */
@media (max-width: 800px) {
    .euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper .app-main-grid,
    .euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper .main-grid,
    .euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper .sim-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
        display: flex !important;
        flex-direction: column !important;
    }
    .euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper .control-panel {
        order: 2 !important;
        width: 100% !important;
    }
    .euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper .right-column {
        order: 1 !important;
        width: 100% !important;
        display: flex !important;
        flex-direction: column !important;
    }
    .euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper .simulation-panel,
    .euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper .canvas-panel,
    .euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper .sim-panel,
    .euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper .canvas-section {
        order: -1 !important;
    }
    .euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
    }
    .euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .ratio-readout-box,
    .euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .re-readout-box,
    .euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .status-readout-box,
    .euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .gauge-container {
        grid-column: 1 !important;
        grid-row: auto !important;
        height: auto !important;
    }
    .euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .results-grid {
        grid-column: 1 !important;
        grid-row: auto !important;
    }
    .euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .formula-card {
        grid-column: 1 !important;
        grid-row: auto !important;
    }
}
.euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper .app-container,
.euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper .main-container {
    max-width: 100% !important;
    padding: 12px !important;
}
/* Premium Advice/Formula Card & Typography Overrides */
.euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .formula-card,
.euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper .results-panel .formula-card {
    background: #ffffff !important;
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border) !important;
    border-radius: 12px !important;
    padding: 16px !important;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-card) !important;
    transition: all 0.2s ease !important;
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    gap: 8px !important;
}
.euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper .simulation-results-section .formula-card h4,
.euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper .results-panel .formula-card h4 {
    font-weight: 700 !important;
    color: var(--color-text-main) !important;
}
.euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper #text-judgment {
    font-size: 12px !important;
    font-weight: 500 !important;
    color: var(--color-text-muted) !important;
    line-height: 1.6 !important;
    word-break: keep-all !important;
}
</style>
<div class="euler-buckling-calculator-wrapper" style="position: relative; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow: hidden; margin: 30px auto; border-radius: 20px;">
    <div class="app-background-glow" style="position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; z-index: 1; pointer-events: none; overflow: hidden;"></div>
    <div style="position: relative; z-index: 2; width: 100%;">
    <div class="app-container">
        <!-- Header -->
        <header class="app-header">
            <div class="logo-area">
                <div class="logo-icon"><i class="fa-solid fa-arrows-up-to-line"></i></div>
                <div>
                    <h1>EULER BUCKLING</h1>
                    <div class="subtitle">오일러 임계 좌굴 하중 기둥 안정성 시뮬레이터</div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="header-badge">
                <div class="pulse-dot"></div>
                <div class="badge-text">COLUMN STABILITY ENGINE ACTIVE</div>
            </div>
        </header>
        <!-- Main Layout Grid -->
        <main class="app-main-grid">
            <!-- Left Panel: Controls -->
            <section class="panel control-panel">
                <div class="panel-header">
                    <i class="fa-solid fa-sliders text-cyan"></i>
                    <h2>시뮬레이션 제어 변수</h2>
                </div>
                <!-- Boundary Conditions (End Fixity Tab) -->
                <div class="tab-group" style="grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 4px; row-gap: 4px;">
                    <button id="tab-pinpin" class="tab-btn active">양단 핀 (K=1.0)</button>
                    <button id="tab-fixedfree" class="tab-btn">고정-자유 (K=2.0)</button>
                    <button id="tab-fixedfixed" class="tab-btn">양단 고정 (K=0.5)</button>
                    <button id="tab-fixedpin" class="tab-btn">고정-핀 (K=0.7)</button>
                </div>
                <!-- Load P -->
                <div class="input-group">
                    <div class="input-label-row">
                        <label><i class="fa-solid fa-weight-hanging text-magenta"></i> 압축 하중 (P)</label>
                        <span class="helper-text">수직 하중 (0.0 ~ 500.0 kN)</span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="number-input-wrapper">
                        <input type="number" id="input-p" class="custom-number-input" min="0" max="500" step="1" value="45">
                        <div class="unit-badge">kN</div>
                    </div>
                    <input type="range" id="slider-p" class="custom-slider" min="0" max="500" step="1" value="45">
                </div>
                <!-- Length L -->
                <div class="input-group">
                    <div class="input-label-row">
                        <label><i class="fa-solid fa-ruler-vertical text-cyan"></i> 기둥 실제 길이 (L)</label>
                        <span class="helper-text">부재 전장 (1.0 ~ 10.0 m)</span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="number-input-wrapper">
                        <input type="number" id="input-l" class="custom-number-input" min="1" max="10" step="0.1" value="4.0">
                        <div class="unit-badge">m</div>
                    </div>
                    <input type="range" id="slider-l" class="custom-slider" min="1" max="10" step="0.1" value="4.0">
                </div>
                <!-- Modulus E -->
                <div class="input-group">
                    <div class="input-label-row">
                        <label><i class="fa-solid fa-hard-drive"></i> 탄성 계수 (E)</label>
                        <span class="helper-text">재료 물성 (10 ~ 250 GPa)</span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="number-input-wrapper">
                        <input type="number" id="input-e" class="custom-number-input" min="10" max="250" value="200">
                        <div class="unit-badge">GPa</div>
                    </div>
                    <input type="range" id="slider-e" class="custom-slider" min="10" max="250" value="200">
                </div>
                <!-- Moment of Inertia I -->
                <div class="input-group">
                    <div class="input-label-row">
                        <label><i class="fa-solid fa-shapes"></i> 최소 단면 2차모멘트 (I)</label>
                        <span class="helper-text">약축 기하 강성 (10 ~ 1000 cm⁴)</span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="number-input-wrapper">
                        <input type="number" id="input-i" class="custom-number-input" min="10" max="1000" value="80">
                        <div class="unit-badge">cm⁴</div>
                    </div>
                    <input type="range" id="slider-i" class="custom-slider" min="10" max="1000" value="80">
                </div>
            </section>
            <!-- Auto Injected Right Column wrapper for Design 1 -->
            <div class="right-column">
                <section class="panel simulation-panel">
                                <div class="panel-header">
                                    <div style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px;">
                                        <i class="fa-solid fa-chart-line text-cyan"></i>
                                        <h2>실시간 기둥 2D 휨 변형 모사</h2>
                                    </div>
                                    <div id="txt-stability" class="canvas-scale-indicator">안정 상태: 변형 무시</div>
                                </div>
                                <div class="canvas-wrapper">
                                    <canvas id="physics-canvas"></canvas>
                                    <!-- Overlay Floating Data -->
                                    <div class="canvas-overlay-data">
                                        <div class="overlay-item">
                                            <span class="label">임계 좌굴 하중 (Pcr):</span>
                                            <span class="value text-cyan" id="txt-pcr-overlay">0.0 kN</span>
                                        </div>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                                <!-- Mini Metrics -->
                                <div class="simulation-metrics-strip">
                                    <div class="mini-metric">
                                        <div class="label">유효 좌굴 길이 (Le)</div>
                                        <div id="txt-le" class="value">0.0 m</div>
                                    </div>
                                    <div class="mini-divider"></div>
                                    <div class="mini-metric">
                                        <div class="label">지지 계수 (K)</div>
                                        <div id="txt-k-factor" class="value">1.0</div>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                            <div class="simulation-results-section">
                                <div class="ratio-readout-box">
                                    <div class="ratio-title">현재 좌굴 안전 비율</div>
                                    <div id="txt-p-ratio" class="ratio-value">P/Pcr = 0.57</div>
                                    <div id="txt-safety-status" class="ratio-type">안정 (Stable)</div>
                                </div>
                                <div class="results-grid">
                                    <!-- Critical Load Pcr -->
                                    <div class="result-card">
                                        <div class="card-icon"><i class="fa-solid fa-shield-halved text-cyan"></i></div>
                                        <div class="card-content">
                                            <span class="card-unit">임계 오일러 하중 (Pcr)</span>
                                            <span id="txt-pcr" class="card-value">0.0 kN</span>
                                        </div>
                                    </div>
                                    <!-- Applied Load P -->
                                    <div class="result-card">
                                        <div class="card-icon"><i class="fa-solid fa-weight-hanging text-magenta"></i></div>
                                        <div class="card-content">
                                            <span class="card-unit">가해진 축압축력 (P)</span>
                                            <span id="txt-applied-p" class="card-value">0.0 kN</span>
                                        </div>
                                    </div>
                                    <!-- Slenderness indicator or safety factor -->
                                    <div class="result-card">
                                        <div class="card-icon"><i class="fa-solid fa-gauge-simple-high text-purple"></i></div>
                                        <div class="card-content">
                                            <span class="card-unit">좌굴 안전율 (SF = Pcr / P)</span>
                                            <span id="txt-safety-factor" class="card-value">0.00</span>
                                        </div>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                                <div class="formula-card">
                                    <h4>오일러 좌굴 관계식</h4>
                                    <div class="formula-equation">Pcr = π²EI / (KL)²</div>
                                    <div class="formula-equation">Le = K × L</div>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                </section>
            </div>
        </main>
        <!-- Disclaimer Footer -->
        <footer class="app-disclaimer" style="margin-top: 20px; padding: 12px 16px; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.015); border: 1px solid var(--color-border); border-radius: 12px; font-size: 11px; color: var(--color-text-muted); line-height: 1.5; text-align: left; display: flex; gap: 10px; align-items: flex-start; clear: both;">
            <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-info" style="color: var(--color-cyan); font-size: 14px; margin-top: 2px; flex-shrink: 0;"></i>
            <span><strong>면책 조항 (Disclaimer):</strong> 본 시뮬레이터의 계산 결과는 교육 및 참고용으로만 제공되며, 실제 제품 설계나 제작 시에는 반드시 최신 공학 규격 및 공식 표준 설계 기준을 재확인하시기 바랍니다. 계산 값의 무결성을 보장하지 않으며, 이로 인해 발생하는 직접적/간접적 손해에 대해 제작자 및 본 블로그는 어떠한 책임을 지지 않습니다.</span>
        </footer>
</div>
    <!-- Physics & Animation Engine -->
    </div>
</div>
<script>
        (function() {
        let isInit = false;
        function initSimulator() {
            if (isInit) return;
            const canvas = document.getElementById('physics-canvas');
            if (!canvas) return;
            const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
            if (!ctx) return;
            isInit = true;
            window.__buckling_initialized = true;
            // DOM Elements
            const tabPinPin = document.getElementById('tab-pinpin');
            const tabFixedFree = document.getElementById('tab-fixedfree');
            const tabFixedFixed = document.getElementById('tab-fixedfixed');
            const tabFixedPin = document.getElementById('tab-fixedpin');
            const sliderP = document.getElementById('slider-p');
            const inputP = document.getElementById('input-p');
            const sliderL = document.getElementById('slider-l');
            const inputL = document.getElementById('input-l');
            const sliderE = document.getElementById('slider-e');
            const inputE = document.getElementById('input-e');
            const sliderI = document.getElementById('slider-i');
            const inputI = document.getElementById('input-i');
            const txtPcrOverlay = document.getElementById('txt-pcr-overlay');
            const txtLe = document.getElementById('txt-le');
            const txtKFactor = document.getElementById('txt-k-factor');
            const txtPRatio = document.getElementById('txt-p-ratio');
            const txtSafetyStatus = document.getElementById('txt-safety-status');
            const txtPcr = document.getElementById('txt-pcr');
            const txtAppliedP = document.getElementById('txt-applied-p');
            const txtSafetyFactor = document.getElementById('txt-safety-factor');
            const txtStability = document.getElementById('txt-stability');
            // State variables
            const state = {
                K: 1.0, // boundary factor
                type: 'pinpin',
                P: 45.0, // kN
                L: 4.0, // m
                E: 200.0, // GPa
                I: 80.0, // cm^4
                time: 0
            };
            // Canvas Resizing
            function resizeCanvas() {
                const rect = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
                const dpr = window.devicePixelRatio || 1;
                canvas.width = rect.width * dpr;
                canvas.height = rect.height * dpr;
                ctx.setTransform(1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0); // reset before re-scaling
                ctx.scale(dpr, dpr);
            }
            resizeCanvas();
            window.addEventListener('resize', resizeCanvas);
            setTimeout(resizeCanvas, 300);
            // Sync helper
            function makeSync(slider, input, key) {
                slider.addEventListener('input', function() {
                    let val = parseFloat(slider.value);
                    input.value = val;
                    state[key] = val;
                    updateCalculations();
                });
                input.addEventListener('change', function() {
                    let val = parseFloat(input.value);
                    const min = parseFloat(input.min);
                    const max = parseFloat(input.max);
                    if (isNaN(val)) { val = min; }
                    if (val < min) { val = min; }
                    if (val > max) { val = max; }
                    slider.value = val;
                    state[key] = val;
                    updateCalculations();
                });
            }
            makeSync(sliderP, inputP, 'P');
            makeSync(sliderL, inputL, 'L');
            makeSync(sliderE, inputE, 'E');
            makeSync(sliderI, inputI, 'I');
            // Tab Selection
            function deactivateTabs() {
                tabPinPin.classList.remove('active');
                tabFixedFree.classList.remove('active');
                tabFixedFixed.classList.remove('active');
                tabFixedPin.classList.remove('active');
            }
            tabPinPin.addEventListener('click', function() {
                deactivateTabs();
                tabPinPin.classList.add('active');
                state.K = 1.0;
                state.type = 'pinpin';
                updateCalculations();
            });
            tabFixedFree.addEventListener('click', function() {
                deactivateTabs();
                tabFixedFree.classList.add('active');
                state.K = 2.0;
                state.type = 'fixedfree';
                updateCalculations();
            });
            tabFixedFixed.addEventListener('click', function() {
                deactivateTabs();
                tabFixedFixed.classList.add('active');
                state.K = 0.5;
                state.type = 'fixedfixed';
                updateCalculations();
            });
            tabFixedPin.addEventListener('click', function() {
                deactivateTabs();
                tabFixedPin.classList.add('active');
                state.K = 0.7;
                state.type = 'fixedpin';
                updateCalculations();
            });
            // Calculations
            function updateCalculations() {
                // Effective Length Le = K * L
                const Le = state.K * state.L;
                txtLe.innerText = Le.toFixed(2) + ' m';
                txtKFactor.innerText = state.K.toFixed(1);
                // Critical load Pcr = pi^2 * E_Pa * I_m4 / Le^2
                // E is GPa (10^9 Pa), I is cm^4 (10^-8 m^4)
                // Pcr (kN) = pi^2 * E * I * 0.01 / Le^2
                const Pcr = (Math.PI * Math.PI * state.E * state.I * 0.01) / Math.pow(Le, 2);
                txtPcr.innerText = Pcr.toFixed(1) + ' kN';
                txtPcrOverlay.innerText = Pcr.toFixed(1) + ' kN';
                txtAppliedP.innerText = state.P.toFixed(1) + ' kN';
                const ratio = state.P / Pcr;
                txtPRatio.innerText = `P/Pcr = ${ratio.toFixed(2)}`;
                let sf = Pcr / state.P;
                if (state.P === 0) { sf = 99.0; }
                if (sf > 99) {
                    txtSafetyFactor.innerText = '무한대';
                } else {
                    txtSafetyFactor.innerText = sf.toFixed(2);
                }
                if (state.P >= Pcr) {
                    txtSafetyStatus.innerText = '좌굴 붕괴 (BUCKLED)';
                    txtSafetyStatus.style.color = '#db2777';
                    txtStability.innerText = '&#x26a0; 구조 불안정 (BUCKLED)';
                    txtStability.style.color = 'var(--color-warning)';
                    txtStability.style.backgroundColor = 'rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.08)';
                    txtStability.style.borderColor = 'rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.2)';
                } else {
                    txtSafetyStatus.innerText = '안정 (Stable)';
                    txtSafetyStatus.style.color = '#10b981';
                    txtStability.innerText = '&#x2705; 구조 안정 (Stable)';
                    txtStability.style.color = 'var(--color-success)';
                    txtStability.style.backgroundColor = 'rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.08)';
                    txtStability.style.borderColor = 'rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.2)';
                }
            }
            // Animation Loop
            function animate() {
                requestAnimationFrame(animate);
                state.time += 0.05;
                const width = canvas.width / (window.devicePixelRatio || 1);
                const height = canvas.height / (window.devicePixelRatio || 1);
                ctx.clearRect(0, 0, width, height);
                // Draw snow white blueprint grid
                ctx.save();
                ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.05)';
                ctx.lineWidth = 1;
                for (let x = 0; x < width; x += 30) {
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.moveTo(x, 0);
                    ctx.lineTo(x, height);
                    ctx.stroke();
                }
                for (let y = 0; y < height; y += 30) {
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.moveTo(0, y);
                    ctx.lineTo(width, y);
                    ctx.stroke();
                }
                ctx.restore();
                // Compute exact critical load
                const Le = state.K * state.L;
                const Pcr = (Math.PI * Math.PI * state.E * state.I * 0.01) / Math.pow(Le, 2);
                const isBuckled = state.P >= Pcr;
                // Sketching Column
                ctx.save();
                const cX = width / 2;
                // Column length on screen
                const colScreenHeight = height - 80;
                const colTopY = 40;
                const colBottomY = height - 40;
                // Mode shapes formulas:
                // We sample 100 points vertically
                ctx.beginPath();
                let maxAmplitude = 0;
                if (isBuckled) {
                    // amplitude proportional to excess load
                    const excess = (state.P - Pcr) / Pcr;
                    maxAmplitude = 18 + Math.min(excess, 5) * 8;
                }
                // Add slight vibration if buckled
                let vibrShift = 0;
                if (isBuckled) {
                    vibrShift = Math.sin(state.time * 3) * 1.5;
                }
                const amp = maxAmplitude + vibrShift;
                for (let step = 0; step <= 100; step++) {
                    const u = step / 100; // from top (0) to bottom (1)
                    const screenY = colTopY + u * colScreenHeight;
                    let dx = 0;
                    if (state.type === 'pinpin') {
                        // ends at 0, max in middle
                        dx = amp * Math.sin(Math.PI * u);
                    } else {
                        if (state.type === 'fixedfree') {
                            // Free at top (u=0), Fixed at bottom (u=1)
                            // dx = amp * (1 - cos(pi * (1-u)/2))
                            dx = amp * (1 - Math.cos((Math.PI / 2) * (1 - u)));
                        } else {
                            if (state.type === 'fixedfixed') {
                                // ends at 0, derivative at ends is 0
                                dx = amp * 0.5 * (1 - Math.cos(2 * Math.PI * u));
                            } else {
                                if (state.type === 'fixedpin') {
                                    // Fixed at bottom (u=1), Pinned at top (u=0)
                                    // dx = amp * (sin(4.49 * (1-u)) - sin(4.49) * (1-u))
                                    dx = amp * (Math.sin(4.493 * (1 - u)) - 0.956 * (1 - u));
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    if (step === 0) {
                        ctx.moveTo(cX + dx, screenY);
                    } else {
                        ctx.lineTo(cX + dx, screenY);
                    }
                }
                if (isBuckled) {
                    ctx.strokeStyle = '#db2777';
                    ctx.lineWidth = 4;
                    ctx.shadowBlur = 10;
                    ctx.shadowColor = 'rgba(219, 39, 119, 0.15)';
                } else {
                    ctx.strokeStyle = '#0284c7';
                    ctx.lineWidth = 3;
                }
                ctx.stroke();
                ctx.shadowBlur = 0;
                ctx.restore();
                // Draw Boundary supports
                ctx.save();
                ctx.fillStyle = '#64748b';
                ctx.strokeStyle = '#475569';
                ctx.lineWidth = 2;
                // Bottom Support
                if (state.type === 'pinpin' || state.type === 'fixedpin') {
                    // Pinned bottom: Triangle
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.moveTo(cX, colBottomY);
                    ctx.lineTo(cX - 12, colBottomY + 12);
                    ctx.lineTo(cX + 12, colBottomY + 12);
                    ctx.closePath();
                    ctx.fill();
                    ctx.stroke();
                    // Ground line
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.moveTo(cX - 25, colBottomY + 13);
                    ctx.lineTo(cX + 25, colBottomY + 13);
                    ctx.stroke();
                } else {
                    // Fixed bottom: Solid block with hatching
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.rect(cX - 20, colBottomY, 40, 10);
                    ctx.fill();
                    ctx.stroke();
                }
                // Top Support / Joint
                if (state.type === 'fixedfree') {
                    // Free top: just a cap
                    ctx.fillStyle = '#94a3b8';
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.arc(cX, colTopY, 6, 0, Math.PI*2);
                    ctx.fill();
                } else {
                    if (state.type === 'pinpin') {
                        // Pinned top
                        ctx.beginPath();
                        ctx.moveTo(cX, colTopY);
                        ctx.lineTo(cX - 10, colTopY - 10);
                        ctx.lineTo(cX + 10, colTopY - 10);
                        ctx.closePath();
                        ctx.fill();
                        ctx.stroke();
                    } else {
                        // Fixed top
                        ctx.beginPath();
                        ctx.rect(cX - 20, colTopY - 10, 40, 10);
                        ctx.fill();
                        ctx.stroke();
                    }
                }
                // Draw Compression Downward Arrow at top
                ctx.strokeStyle = '#db2777';
                ctx.lineWidth = 3;
                ctx.fillStyle = '#db2777';
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.moveTo(cX, colTopY - 35);
                ctx.lineTo(cX, colTopY - 15);
                ctx.stroke();
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.moveTo(cX, colTopY - 12);
                ctx.lineTo(cX - 5, colTopY - 20);
                ctx.lineTo(cX + 5, colTopY - 20);
                ctx.closePath();
                ctx.fill();
                // Force text label
                ctx.font = '700 11px Outfit, sans-serif';
                ctx.textAlign = 'center';
                ctx.fillText(`P = ${state.P.toFixed(0)} kN`, cX, colTopY - 42);
                ctx.restore();
            }
            // Document security
            document.addEventListener('contextmenu', function(e) {
                e.preventDefault();
                alert("이 콘텐츠는 저작권법의 보호를 받습니다. 무단 복제 및 우클릭을 금지합니다.");
                return false;
            }, { capture: true });
            document.addEventListener('selectstart', function(e) {
                e.preventDefault();
                return false;
            }, { capture: true });
            document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) {
                if (e.key === 'F12') {
                    e.preventDefault();
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    <ol style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; padding-left: 20px;">
        <li style="margin-bottom: 6px;"><strong>경계/지지 조건 선택: 상단 지지조건 탭에서 양단 회전(Pin-Pin), 고정-자유(Fixed-Free), 양단 고정(Fixed-Fixed), 고정-회전(Fixed-Pin) 중 실제 가구/건축 기둥 조건을 설정합니다.</strong></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 6px;">기둥 단면 강성 및 길이 설정: 슬라이더를 부드럽게 움직여 기둥의 실제 길이(L), 탄성계수(E), 최소 단면 2차 모멘트(I)를 설정합니다.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 6px;">컴프레션 압축하중 부하: 상단 압축 하중(P)을 조절하여 기둥에 점진적인 하중을 부여합니다.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 6px;">임계 좌굴 한계 모니터링: 가해진 하중이 계산된 오일러 임계 좌굴 하중(Pcr)에 수렴 및 도달하면 기둥이 횡적으로 굽어지는 좌굴 형태와 위험 알림 및 안전 거동 여부를 직접 확인합니다.</li>
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            <h3>1. 기둥 좌굴(Column Buckling) 현상의 본질과 중요성</h3>
<p>압축 하중을 받는 길고 날씬한 막대 형태의 구조 부재를 <strong>기둥(Column)</strong>이라고 합니다. 이 기둥에 압축력(Compression Force)을 점진적으로 가하면, 재료 자체가 압축 압력에 도달하기 훨씬 전에 횡방향으로 갑작스럽게 휘어지며 붕괴되는 현상이 발생하는데 이를 <strong>좌굴(Buckling)</strong>이라고 합니다.</p><p>좌굴은 전조증상 없이 매우 순간적이고 파괴적으로 일어나기 때문에 건축 교각, 보일러 구조 지지대, 기계 실린더 로드 설계 시 반드시 우선적으로 제어되어야 할 가장 치명적인 구조 안전 변수입니다.</p>
<h3>2. 오일러(Euler)의 임계 좌굴 하중 공식 유도</h3>
<p>18세기 수학자 레온하르트 오일러(Leonhard Euler)는 탄성 곡선의 휨 미분방정식을 기둥의 축방향 힘과 모멘트에 대입하여, 최초로 탄성 기둥이 좌굴을 일으키는 <strong>임계 좌굴 하중(Critical Buckling Load, Pcr)</strong> 공식을 다음과 같이 유도하였습니다.</p><p style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: #e0f2fe; padding: 16px; border-radius: 8px; font-size: 1.05em; color: #0369a1;">P_cr = (&pi;&sup2; &times; E &times; I) / L_e&sup2; &nbsp;[N]</p><p>여기서 <code>E</code>는 탄성계수(Young's Modulus), <code>I</code>는 기둥 단면의 최소 단면 2차 모멘트(Minimum Moment of Inertia, 좌굴은 항상 단면 강성이 가장 약한 축을 중심으로 발생함)이며, <code>Le</code>는 기둥의 <strong>유효 좌굴 길이(Effective Length)</strong>를 대변합니다.</p>
<h3>3. 지지 조건(End Fixity)에 따른 유효 길이 계수 K</h3>
<p>기둥 양 끝단의 지지 결속 형태에 따라 굽힘 변곡점 사이의 거리가 달라지며, 이는 유효 길이 계수 <code>K</code>를 통해 공식에 반영됩니다. (<code>L_e = K &times; L</code>)</p><ul><li><strong>양단 회전/핀 (Pin-Pin, Hinge):</strong> K = 1.0 (가장 기본적인 오일러 기둥 모델)</li><li><strong>일단 고정, 일단 자유 (Fixed-Free, Cantilever):</strong> K = 2.0 (유효 길이가 2배로 증가하여 Pcr이 1/4로 극단적 감산됨)</li><li><strong>양단 고정 (Fixed-Fixed):</strong> K = 0.5 (양단 휨 고정 작용으로 Pcr이 핀 연결 대비 4배 급증)</li><li><strong>일단 고정, 일단 회전 (Fixed-Pin):</strong> K = 0.7 (실무 기둥에 가장 근접한 분포 모델)</li></ul><p>이에 따라, 좌굴 안정성을 확보하기 위해서는 기둥의 끝단 지지 구조를 단단히 구속(K 감소)하고, 세장비(Slenderness Ratio)를 축소하여 횡강성을 확대하는 설계 개량이 절실히 필요합니다.</p>
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