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<channel>
	<title>진공발생 &#8211; MyEngNote</title>
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		<title>베르누이 계산기 &#038; 시뮬레이터</title>
		<link>https://myengnote.com/bernoulli-venturi-effect-calculator-simulator/</link>
					<comments>https://myengnote.com/bernoulli-venturi-effect-calculator-simulator/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[동동]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Jun 2026 03:21:10 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[공학계산기]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[공학설계]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[동압정압]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[베르누이]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[벤투리관]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[유체역학]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[진공발생]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://myengnote.com/bernoulli-venturi-effect-calculator-simulator/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[벤투리 관(Venturi Tube)의 입구와 목(Throat) 직경, 유속, 정압을 입력하여 베르누이 정리(Bernoulli's Theorem)에 의한 속도 상승 및 정압 강하(Venturi Effect)를 실시간 해석하고 압력계를 시각화하는 2D 물리 시뮬레이터입니다.]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h2 style="font-size: 1.6em; font-weight: 800; color: #0c0e25; border-bottom: 2px solid #00f2fe; padding-bottom: 8px; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f680.png" alt="🚀" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 베르누이 계산기 &#038; 시뮬레이터</h2>


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}
.bernoulli-venturi-wrapper .simulation-panel,
.bernoulli-venturi-wrapper .canvas-panel,
.bernoulli-venturi-wrapper .sim-panel {
    grid-column: auto !important;
    order: 1 !important;
}
.bernoulli-venturi-wrapper .control-panel {
    grid-column: 1 !important;
}
/* 2열 통합 결과 분석 영역 레이아웃 */
.bernoulli-venturi-wrapper .simulation-results-section {
    display: grid !important;
    grid-template-columns: 1.1fr 1.3fr !important;
    gap: 20px !important;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border) !important;
    padding-top: 20px !important;
    margin-top: 10px !important;
    align-items: stretch !important;
}
/* Readout Box 스타일 */
.bernoulli-venturi-wrapper .simulation-results-section .ratio-readout-box,
.bernoulli-venturi-wrapper .simulation-results-section .re-readout-box,
.bernoulli-venturi-wrapper .simulation-results-section .status-readout-box,
.bernoulli-venturi-wrapper .simulation-results-section .gauge-container {
    grid-column: 1 !important;
    grid-row: 1 !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
    height: 100% !important;
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    justify-content: center !important;
}
.bernoulli-venturi-wrapper .simulation-results-section .results-grid {
    grid-column: 2 !important;
    grid-row: auto !important;
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    gap: 12px !important;
    justify-content: flex-start !important;
}
.bernoulli-venturi-wrapper .simulation-results-section .results-grid .result-card {
    flex: none !important;
    display: flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    height: 72px !important;
}
.bernoulli-venturi-wrapper .simulation-results-section .formula-card {
    grid-column: 1 / span 2 !important;
    grid-row: auto !important;
}
/* 모바일/반응형 (800px 이하) ── 항상 세로형(1열) 정렬 및 시뮬레이터 캔버스 최상단 배치 */
@media (max-width: 800px) {
    .bernoulli-venturi-wrapper .app-main-grid,
    .bernoulli-venturi-wrapper .main-grid,
    .bernoulli-venturi-wrapper .sim-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
        display: flex !important;
        flex-direction: column !important;
    }
    .bernoulli-venturi-wrapper .control-panel {
        order: 2 !important;
        width: 100% !important;
    }
    .bernoulli-venturi-wrapper .right-column {
        order: 1 !important;
        width: 100% !important;
        display: flex !important;
        flex-direction: column !important;
    }
    .bernoulli-venturi-wrapper .simulation-panel,
    .bernoulli-venturi-wrapper .canvas-panel,
    .bernoulli-venturi-wrapper .sim-panel,
    .bernoulli-venturi-wrapper .canvas-section {
        order: -1 !important;
    }
    .bernoulli-venturi-wrapper .simulation-results-section {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
    }
    .bernoulli-venturi-wrapper .simulation-results-section .ratio-readout-box,
    .bernoulli-venturi-wrapper .simulation-results-section .re-readout-box,
    .bernoulli-venturi-wrapper .simulation-results-section .status-readout-box,
    .bernoulli-venturi-wrapper .simulation-results-section .gauge-container {
        grid-column: 1 !important;
        grid-row: auto !important;
        height: auto !important;
    }
    .bernoulli-venturi-wrapper .simulation-results-section .results-grid {
        grid-column: 1 !important;
        grid-row: auto !important;
    }
    .bernoulli-venturi-wrapper .simulation-results-section .formula-card {
        grid-column: 1 !important;
        grid-row: auto !important;
    }
}
.bernoulli-venturi-wrapper .app-container,
.bernoulli-venturi-wrapper .main-container {
    max-width: 100% !important;
    padding: 12px !important;
}
</style>
<div class="bernoulli-venturi-wrapper" style="position: relative; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow: hidden; margin: 30px auto; border-radius: 20px;">
    <div class="app-background-glow" style="position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; z-index: 1; pointer-events: none; overflow: hidden;"></div>
    <div style="position: relative; z-index: 2; width: 100%;">
    <div class="app-container">
        <header class="app-header">
            <div class="logo-area">
                <div class="logo-icon"><i class="fa-solid fa-arrows-split-up-and-left"></i></div>
                <div>
                    <h1>BERNOULLI VENTURI</h1>
                    <div class="subtitle">베르누이 정리 &#038; 벤투리 유동 수치 계산기</div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="header-badge">
                <div class="pulse-dot"></div>
                <span class="badge-text">BERNOULLI LAW</span>
            </div>
        </header>
        <div class="app-main-grid">
            <!-- Controls -->
            <div class="panel control-panel">
                <div class="panel-header text-cyan">
                    <i class="fa-solid fa-sliders"></i>
                    <h2>유체 벤투리 물성 입력</h2>
                </div>
                <!-- D1 Inlet Diameter -->
                <div class="input-group">
                    <div class="input-label-row">
                        <label for="input-d1"><i class="fa-solid fa-circle text-cyan"></i> 입구 지름 (D₁)</label>
                        <span class="helper-text">범위: 50 ~ 250 mm</span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="number-input-wrapper">
                        <input type="number" id="input-d1" class="custom-number-input" min="50" max="250" value="150">
                        <span class="unit-badge">mm</span>
                    </div>
                    <input type="range" id="slider-d1" class="custom-slider" min="50" max="250" value="150">
                </div>
                <!-- D2 Throat Diameter -->
                <div class="input-group">
                    <div class="input-label-row">
                        <label for="input-d2"><i class="fa-solid fa-circle text-magenta"></i> 수축부 목 지름 (D₂)</label>
                        <span class="helper-text">범위: 20 ~ 140 mm</span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="number-input-wrapper">
                        <input type="number" id="input-d2" class="custom-number-input" min="20" max="140" value="60">
                        <span class="unit-badge">mm</span>
                    </div>
                    <input type="range" id="slider-d2" class="custom-slider" min="20" max="140" value="60">
                </div>
                <!-- v1 Inlet Velocity -->
                <div class="input-group">
                    <div class="input-label-row">
                        <label for="input-v1"><i class="fa-solid fa-gauge-high text-purple"></i> 입구 흐름 속도 (v₁)</label>
                        <span class="helper-text">범위: 0.1 ~ 5.0 m/s</span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="number-input-wrapper">
                        <input type="number" id="input-v1" class="custom-number-input" min="0.1" max="5.0" step="0.1" value="1.5">
                        <span class="unit-badge">m/s</span>
                    </div>
                    <input type="range" id="slider-v1" class="custom-slider" min="1" max="50" value="15">
                </div>
                <!-- P1 Inlet Pressure -->
                <div class="input-group">
                    <div class="input-label-row">
                        <label for="input-p1"><i class="fa-solid fa-compress text-success"></i> 입구 정적 압력 (P₁)</label>
                        <span class="helper-text">범위: 100 ~ 500 kPa</span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="number-input-wrapper">
                        <input type="number" id="input-p1" class="custom-number-input" min="100" max="500" value="250">
                        <span class="unit-badge">kPa</span>
                    </div>
                    <input type="range" id="slider-p1" class="custom-slider" min="100" max="500" value="250">
                </div>
                <!-- Presets -->
                <div class="presets-section">
                    <h3><i class="fa-solid fa-vial"></i> 벤투리 설계 프리셋</h3>
                    <div class="presets-grid">
                        <button class="preset-btn" data-preset="standard">
                            <div class="preset-icon"><i class="fa-solid fa-gauge-simple"></i></div>
                            <div class="preset-details"><span class="preset-name">표준 감압 설계</span><span class="preset-spec">150-60A, 1.5m/s</span></div>
                        </button>
                        <button class="preset-btn" data-preset="vacuumJet">
                            <div class="preset-icon"><i class="fa-solid fa-wind"></i></div>
                            <div class="preset-details"><span class="preset-name">이젝터 진공 흡입</span><span class="preset-spec">200-50A, 2.5m/s</span></div>
                        </button>
                        <button class="preset-btn" data-preset="lowDiff">
                            <div class="preset-icon"><i class="fa-solid fa-equals"></i></div>
                            <div class="preset-details"><span class="preset-name">미소 수축 유량계</span><span class="preset-spec">120-100A, 1.0m/s</span></div>
                        </button>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <!-- Auto Injected Right Column wrapper for Design 1 -->
            <div class="right-column">
                <div class="panel simulation-panel">
                                <div class="panel-header text-purple">
                                    <div style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px;">
                                        <i class="fa-solid fa-display"></i>
                                        <h2>실시간 벤투리 액주계 압력 강하 시각화</h2>
                                    </div>
                                    <div class="canvas-scale-indicator" id="txt-canvas-scale">직경 수축비: 2.50배</div>
                                </div>
                                <div class="canvas-wrapper">
                                    <canvas id="physics-canvas" width="640" height="400"></canvas>
                                </div>
                                <div class="simulation-metrics-strip">
                                    <div class="mini-metric">
                                        <span class="label">차압 (&Delta;P)</span>
                                        <span class="value" id="mini-delta-p">120 kPa</span>
                                    </div>
                                    <div class="mini-divider"></div>
                                    <div class="mini-metric">
                                        <span class="label">입구 동압 (Pd1)</span>
                                        <span class="value" id="mini-pd1">1.13 kPa</span>
                                    </div>
                                    <div class="mini-divider"></div>
                                    <div class="mini-metric">
                                        <span class="label">목부 동압 (Pd2)</span>
                                        <span class="value" id="mini-pd2">44.1 kPa</span>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                            <div class="simulation-results-section">
                                <div class="press-readout-box normal" id="press-box">
                                    <span class="press-title">THROAT STATIC PRESSURE (P₂)</span>
                                    <span class="press-value" id="txt-p2">156.2 kPa</span>
                                    <span class="press-type" id="txt-press-status">정압 안심 상태</span>
                                </div>
                                <div class="results-grid">
                                    <div class="result-card">
                                        <div class="card-icon text-cyan"><i class="fa-solid fa-bolt-lightning"></i></div>
                                        <div class="card-content">
                                            <span class="card-unit">수축 목부 유속 (v₂)</span>
                                            <span class="card-value" id="txt-v2">9.38 m/s</span>
                                        </div>
                                    </div>
                                    <div class="result-card">
                                        <div class="card-icon text-purple"><i class="fa-solid fa-ratio"></i></div>
                                        <div class="card-content">
                                            <span class="card-unit">유량 보존 체적 유량 (Q)</span>
                                            <span class="card-value" id="txt-q">95.4 m³/h</span>
                                        </div>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                                <div class="formula-card">
                                        <h4>베르누이 방정식 적용 공식</h4>
                                        <div class="formula-equation">P₂ = P₁ &#8211; &frac12;&rho;(v₂² &#8211; v₁²)</div>
                                        <p>
                                            * 유체 밀도는 1000 kg/m³(물 기준) 상수로 산정하여 수축 가속 유속에 의한 저압 발생치를 도출합니다.
                                        </p>
                                    </div>
                            </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
        <!-- Disclaimer Footer -->
        <footer class="app-disclaimer" style="margin-top: 20px; padding: 12px 16px; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.015); border: 1px solid var(--color-border); border-radius: 12px; font-size: 11px; color: var(--color-text-muted); line-height: 1.5; text-align: left; display: flex; gap: 10px; align-items: flex-start; clear: both;">
            <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-info" style="color: var(--color-cyan); font-size: 14px; margin-top: 2px; flex-shrink: 0;"></i>
            <span><strong>면책 조항 (Disclaimer):</strong> 본 시뮬레이터의 계산 결과는 교육 및 참고용으로만 제공되며, 실제 제품 설계나 제작 시에는 반드시 최신 공학 규격 및 공식 표준 설계 기준을 재확인하시기 바랍니다. 계산 값의 무결성을 보장하지 않으며, 이로 인해 발생하는 직접적/간접적 손해에 대해 제작자 및 본 블로그는 어떠한 책임을 지지 않습니다.</span>
        </footer>
</div>
    </div>
</div>
<script>
        (function() {
            // State
            const state = {
                d1: 150,     // mm
                d2: 60,      // mm
                v1: 1.5,     // m/s
                p1: 250,     // kPa
                rho: 1000,   // kg/m³
                particles: [],
                lastTime: 0
            };
            // DOM Elements
            const inputD1 = document.getElementById('input-d1');
            const sliderD1 = document.getElementById('slider-d1');
            const inputD2 = document.getElementById('input-d2');
            const sliderD2 = document.getElementById('slider-d2');
            const inputV1 = document.getElementById('input-v1');
            const sliderV1 = document.getElementById('slider-v1');
            const inputP1 = document.getElementById('input-p1');
            const sliderP1 = document.getElementById('slider-p1');
            const txtP2 = document.getElementById('txt-p2');
            const txtPressStatus = document.getElementById('txt-press-status');
            const pressBox = document.getElementById('press-box');
            const txtV2 = document.getElementById('txt-v2');
            const txtQ = document.getElementById('txt-q');
            const miniDeltaP = document.getElementById('mini-delta-p');
            const miniPd1 = document.getElementById('mini-pd1');
            const miniPd2 = document.getElementById('mini-pd2');
            const presetButtons = document.querySelectorAll('.preset-btn');
            const canvas = document.getElementById('physics-canvas');
            const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
            function getDPR() {
                return window.devicePixelRatio || 1;
            }
            function initCanvas() {
                const dpr = getDPR();
                const rect = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
                canvas.width = rect.width * dpr;
                canvas.height = rect.height * dpr;
                ctx.scale(dpr, dpr);
            }
            window.addEventListener('resize', initCanvas);
            initCanvas();
            setTimeout(initCanvas, 300);
            // Initialize Particles
            const maxParticles = 90;
            for (let i = 0; i < maxParticles; i++) {
                state.particles.push({
                    x: Math.random() * 640,
                    yFraction: 0.1 + Math.random() * 0.8
                });
            }
            // Clamping rules to prevent Throat Diameter >= Inlet Diameter
            function validateThroatDiameter() {
                const maxAllowedD2 = state.d1 - 10;
                if (state.d2 > maxAllowedD2) {
                    state.d2 = maxAllowedD2;
                    inputD2.value = state.d2;
                    sliderD2.value = state.d2;
                }
                sliderD2.max = maxAllowedD2;
            }
            // Sync Listeners
            function syncD1FromSlider() {
                state.d1 = parseInt(sliderD1.value);
                inputD1.value = state.d1;
                validateThroatDiameter();
                clearPresets();
                updateCalculations();
            }
            function syncD1FromInput() {
                let val = parseInt(inputD1.value);
                if (isNaN(val)) { val = 150; }
                if (val < 50) { val = 50; }
                if (val > 250) { val = 250; }
                state.d1 = val;
                inputD1.value = val;
                sliderD1.value = val;
                validateThroatDiameter();
                clearPresets();
                updateCalculations();
            }
            function syncD2FromSlider() {
                state.d2 = parseInt(sliderD2.value);
                inputD2.value = state.d2;
                validateThroatDiameter();
                clearPresets();
                updateCalculations();
            }
            function syncD2FromInput() {
                let val = parseInt(inputD2.value);
                if (isNaN(val)) { val = 60; }
                if (val < 20) { val = 20; }
                if (val > state.d1 - 10) { val = state.d1 - 10; }
                state.d2 = val;
                inputD2.value = val;
                sliderD2.value = val;
                validateThroatDiameter();
                clearPresets();
                updateCalculations();
            }
            function syncV1FromSlider() {
                state.v1 = parseFloat(sliderV1.value) / 10;
                inputV1.value = state.v1.toFixed(1);
                clearPresets();
                updateCalculations();
            }
            function syncV1FromInput() {
                let val = parseFloat(inputV1.value);
                if (isNaN(val)) { val = 1.5; }
                if (val < 0.1) { val = 0.1; }
                if (val > 5.0) { val = 5.0; }
                state.v1 = val;
                inputV1.value = val.toFixed(1);
                sliderV1.value = Math.round(val * 10);
                clearPresets();
                updateCalculations();
            }
            function syncP1FromSlider() {
                state.p1 = parseInt(sliderP1.value);
                inputP1.value = state.p1;
                clearPresets();
                updateCalculations();
            }
            function syncP1FromInput() {
                let val = parseInt(inputP1.value);
                if (isNaN(val)) { val = 250; }
                if (val < 100) { val = 100; }
                if (val > 500) { val = 500; }
                state.p1 = val;
                inputP1.value = val;
                sliderP1.value = val;
                clearPresets();
                updateCalculations();
            }
            sliderD1.addEventListener('input', syncD1FromSlider);
            inputD1.addEventListener('change', syncD1FromInput);
            sliderD2.addEventListener('input', syncD2FromSlider);
            inputD2.addEventListener('change', syncD2FromInput);
            sliderV1.addEventListener('input', syncV1FromSlider);
            inputV1.addEventListener('change', syncV1FromInput);
            sliderP1.addEventListener('input', syncP1FromSlider);
            inputP1.addEventListener('change', syncP1FromInput);
            // Presets
            function loadPreset(presetKey) {
                clearPresets();
                presetButtons.forEach(function(btn) {
                    if (btn.dataset.preset === presetKey) {
                        btn.classList.add('active');
                    }
                });
                if (presetKey === 'standard') {
                    state.d1 = 150;
                    state.d2 = 60;
                    state.v1 = 1.5;
                    state.p1 = 250;
                } else if (presetKey === 'vacuumJet') {
                    state.d1 = 200;
                    state.d2 = 45;
                    state.v1 = 2.5;
                    state.p1 = 150;
                } else if (presetKey === 'lowDiff') {
                    state.d1 = 120;
                    state.d2 = 100;
                    state.v1 = 1.0;
                    state.p1 = 300;
                }
                inputD1.value = state.d1;
                sliderD1.value = state.d1;
                inputD2.value = state.d2;
                sliderD2.value = state.d2;
                inputV1.value = state.v1.toFixed(1);
                sliderV1.value = Math.round(state.v1 * 10);
                inputP1.value = state.p1;
                sliderP1.value = state.p1;
                validateThroatDiameter();
                updateCalculations();
            }
            function clearPresets() {
                presetButtons.forEach(function(btn) {
                    btn.classList.remove('active');
                });
            }
            presetButtons.forEach(function(btn) {
                btn.addEventListener('click', function() {
                    loadPreset(btn.dataset.preset);
                });
            });
            // Physics Calcs
            function updateCalculations() {
                const ratio = state.d1 / state.d2;
                const areaRatio = Math.pow(ratio, 2);
                // Throat velocity v2
                const v2 = state.v1 * areaRatio;
                txtV2.innerText = v2.toFixed(2) + ' m/s';
                // Flow rate Q = A1 * v1 * 3600 (m³/h)
                const d1M = state.d1 / 1000;
                const area1 = (Math.PI * Math.pow(d1M, 2)) / 4;
                const qM3h = area1 * state.v1 * 3600;
                txtQ.innerText = qM3h.toFixed(1) + ' m³/h';
                // Pressures
                // Pd1 = 0.5 * rho * v1^2 / 1000 in kPa
                const pd1 = (0.5 * state.rho * Math.pow(state.v1, 2)) / 1000;
                // Pd2 = 0.5 * rho * v2^2 / 1000 in kPa
                const pd2 = (0.5 * state.rho * Math.pow(v2, 2)) / 1000;
                miniPd1.innerText = pd1.toFixed(2) + ' kPa';
                miniPd2.innerText = pd2.toFixed(1) + ' kPa';
                // P2 = P1 - (Pd2 - Pd1)
                const p2 = state.p1 - (pd2 - pd1);
                txtP2.innerText = p2.toFixed(1) + ' kPa';
                const deltaPVal = state.p1 - p2;
                miniDeltaP.innerText = deltaPVal.toFixed(1) + ' kPa';
                // Eval warning for vacuums/cavitations
                pressBox.className = 'press-readout-box';
                if (p2 < 0) {
                    pressBox.classList.add('vacuum');
                    txtPressStatus.innerText = '진공 흡착 유도 상태 (Vacuum Jet)';
                } else if (p2 < 15.0) {
                    // Water boiling cap is low at room temp (around 3 kPa absolute)
                    pressBox.classList.add('vacuum');
                    txtPressStatus.innerText = '공동현상(Cavitation) 극도 주의!';
                } else {
                    pressBox.classList.add('normal');
                    txtPressStatus.innerText = '안정적 압력 상태';
                }
                const txtCanvasScale = document.getElementById('txt-canvas-scale');
                if (txtCanvasScale) {
                    txtCanvasScale.innerText = `직경 비율: ${(state.d1 / state.d2).toFixed(2)}배 수축`;
                }
            }
            // Draw Venturi
            function draw(currentTime) {
                requestAnimationFrame(draw);
                let dt = (currentTime - state.lastTime) / 1000;
                if (isNaN(dt)) { dt = 0.016; }
                if (dt < 0) { dt = 0.016; }
                if (dt > 0.1) { dt = 0.016; }
                state.lastTime = currentTime;
                const dpr = getDPR();
                const width = canvas.width / dpr;
                const height = canvas.height / dpr;
                const scale = Math.min(width / 640, height / 400);
                ctx.clearRect(0, 0, width, height);
                // Grid
                ctx.save();
                ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.04)';
                ctx.lineWidth = 1;
                for (let x = 0; x < width; x += 30 * scale) {
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.moveTo(x, 0);
                    ctx.lineTo(x, height);
                    ctx.stroke();
                }
                for (let y = 0; y < height; y += 30 * scale) {
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.moveTo(0, y);
                    ctx.lineTo(width, y);
                    ctx.stroke();
                }
                ctx.restore();
                // Venturi pipe coordinates mapping
                // Pipe sections along x: 
                // Left (straight, Inlet): x=0 to x=180
                // Constriction: x=180 to x=320 (Throat center at x=320)
                // Expansion: x=320 to x=460
                // Right (straight): x=460 to x=640
                // Mapped pixel heights
                const maxPixH = 150 * scale;
                const minPixH = 30 * scale;
                // Inlet height (D1) scaled
                const h1 = 60 * scale + ((state.d1 - 50) / 200) * (maxPixH - 60 * scale);
                // Throat height (D2) scaled
                const h2 = minPixH + ((state.d2 - 20) / 120) * (h1 - 20 * scale - minPixH);
                const cy = height / 2 + 30 * scale; // lower center to make room for glass columns on top
                // Helper to get pipe height at any given x
                function getPipeHalfHeightAt(x) {
                    const sx = x / scale;
                    if (sx < 180) {
                        return h1 / 2;
                    }
                    if (sx < 320) {
                        // linear interpolation or cosine easing for smooth transition
                        const ratio = (sx - 180) / 140;
                        const smoothRatio = (1 - Math.cos(ratio * Math.PI)) / 2;
                        return (h1 / 2) * (1 - smoothRatio) + (h2 / 2) * smoothRatio;
                    }
                    if (sx < 460) {
                        const ratio = (sx - 320) / 140;
                        const smoothRatio = (1 - Math.cos(ratio * Math.PI)) / 2;
                        return (h2 / 2) * (1 - smoothRatio) + (h1 / 2) * smoothRatio;
                    }
                    return h1 / 2;
                }
                // 1. Draw Venturi Glass contours
                ctx.save();
                ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.12)';
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.moveTo(0, cy - getPipeHalfHeightAt(0));
                for (let x = 0; x <= width; x += 5 * scale) {
                    ctx.lineTo(x, cy - getPipeHalfHeightAt(x));
                }
                ctx.lineTo(width, cy + getPipeHalfHeightAt(width));
                for (let x = width; x >= 0; x -= 5 * scale) {
                    ctx.lineTo(x, cy + getPipeHalfHeightAt(x));
                }
                ctx.closePath();
                ctx.fill();
                // Draw Pipe boundary lines
                ctx.strokeStyle = '#475569';
                ctx.lineWidth = 3.5 * scale;
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.moveTo(0, cy - getPipeHalfHeightAt(0));
                for (let x = 0; x <= width; x += 5 * scale) {
                    ctx.lineTo(x, cy - getPipeHalfHeightAt(x));
                }
                ctx.stroke();
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.moveTo(0, cy + getPipeHalfHeightAt(0));
                for (let x = 0; x <= width; x += 5 * scale) {
                    ctx.lineTo(x, cy + getPipeHalfHeightAt(x));
                }
                ctx.stroke();
                ctx.restore();
                // 2. Draw vertical manometer glass tubes
                // Tube 1 (Inlet, center at x = 90)
                // Tube 2 (Throat, center at x = 320)
                const tube1X = 90 * scale;
                const tube2X = 320 * scale;
                const tubeWidth = 14 * scale;
                // Mapped static water height: P1 [100 ~ 500] -> [40 ~ 160] pixels high
                const hFluid1 = (40 + ((state.p1 - 100) / 400) * 120) * scale;
                // Calculate P2
                const ratio = state.d1 / state.d2;
                const v2 = state.v1 * Math.pow(ratio, 2);
                const pd1 = (0.5 * state.rho * Math.pow(state.v1, 2)) / 1000;
                const pd2 = (0.5 * state.rho * Math.pow(v2, 2)) / 1000;
                const p2 = state.p1 - (pd2 - pd1);
                // Water column 2 height scaled
                let hFluid2 = (40 + ((p2 - 100) / 400) * 120) * scale;
                if (p2 < 0) { hFluid2 = 5 * scale; } // Vacuum drops to minimum visible line
                // Draw Glass columns
                ctx.save();
                ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4)';
                ctx.strokeStyle = '#64748b';
                ctx.lineWidth = 2 * scale;
                // Column 1
                const colTopY1 = cy - getPipeHalfHeightAt(tube1X);
                ctx.fillRect(tube1X - tubeWidth / 2, colTopY1 - 180 * scale, tubeWidth, 180 * scale);
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.moveTo(tube1X - tubeWidth / 2, colTopY1 - 180 * scale);
                ctx.lineTo(tube1X - tubeWidth / 2, colTopY1);
                ctx.moveTo(tube1X + tubeWidth / 2, colTopY1 - 180 * scale);
                ctx.lineTo(tube1X + tubeWidth / 2, colTopY1);
                ctx.stroke();
                // Liquid in Column 1
                ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.6)';
                ctx.fillRect(tube1X - tubeWidth / 2 + 1, colTopY1 - hFluid1, tubeWidth - 2, hFluid1);
                // Column 2
                const colTopY2 = cy - getPipeHalfHeightAt(tube2X);
                ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4)';
                ctx.fillRect(tube2X - tubeWidth / 2, colTopY2 - 180 * scale, tubeWidth, 180 * scale);
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.moveTo(tube2X - tubeWidth / 2, colTopY2 - 180 * scale);
                ctx.lineTo(tube2X - tubeWidth / 2, colTopY2);
                ctx.moveTo(tube2X + tubeWidth / 2, colTopY2 - 180 * scale);
                ctx.lineTo(tube2X + tubeWidth / 2, colTopY2);
                ctx.stroke();
                // Liquid in Column 2
                if (p2 < 0) {
                    // Show a blinking negative pressure indicator or vacuum bubbles
                    ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(219, 39, 119, 0.7)';
                    ctx.fillRect(tube2X - tubeWidth / 2 + 1, colTopY2 - hFluid2, tubeWidth - 2, hFluid2);
                } else {
                    ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.6)';
                    ctx.fillRect(tube2X - tubeWidth / 2 + 1, colTopY2 - hFluid2, tubeWidth - 2, hFluid2);
                }
                ctx.restore();
                // 3. Animate Particles flowing through Venturi
                ctx.save();
                ctx.fillStyle = '#0284c7';
                state.particles.forEach(function(p) {
                    // Particle local velocity depends on coordinates
                    const halfH = getPipeHalfHeightAt(p.x);
                    const pipeMaxHalfH = h1 / 2;
                    // Continuity speed scaling
                    const areaScale = pipeMaxHalfH / halfH;
                    const speed = state.v1 * 120 * areaScale * scale;
                    p.x += speed * dt;
                    // Bound wrapping
                    if (p.x > width + 10 * scale) {
                        p.x = -10 * scale;
                        p.yFraction = 0.1 + Math.random() * 0.8;
                    }
                    // Compute vertical pixel position
                    const yPos = cy + (p.yFraction - 0.5) * 2 * halfH;
                    // Color shifts based on velocity
                    if (areaScale > 1.8) {
                        ctx.fillStyle = '#db2777';
                    } else if (areaScale > 1.2) {
                        ctx.fillStyle = '#7c3aed';
                    } else {
                        ctx.fillStyle = '#0284c7';
                    }
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.arc(p.x, yPos, 2.5 * scale, 0, Math.PI * 2);
                    ctx.fill();
                });
                ctx.restore();
            }
            // Right click/Copy block with nested if
            document.addEventListener('contextmenu', function(e) {
                e.preventDefault();
                alert("이 콘텐츠는 저작권법의 보호를 받습니다. 무단 복제 및 우클릭을 금지합니다.");
                return false;
            }, { capture: true });
            document.addEventListener('selectstart', function(e) {
                e.preventDefault();
                return false;
            }, { capture: true });
            document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) {
                if (e.key === 'F12') {
                    e.preventDefault();
                    alert("이 콘텐츠는 저작권법의 보호를 받습니다. 무단 복제 및 우클릭을 금지합니다.");
                    return false;
                }
                if (e.ctrlKey) {
                    if (e.key === 'u' || e.key === 'c' || e.key === 's' || e.key === 'U' || e.key === 'C' || e.key === 'S') {
                        e.preventDefault();
                        alert("이 콘텐츠는 저작권법의 보호를 받습니다. 무단 복제 및 우클릭을 금지합니다.");
                        return false;
                    }
                    if (e.shiftKey) {
                        if (['i','I','j','J','c','C'].includes(e.key)) {
                            e.preventDefault();
                            alert("이 콘텐츠는 저작권법의 보호를 받습니다. 무단 복제 및 우클릭을 금지합니다.");
                            return false;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }, { capture: true });
            // Initialize
            loadPreset('standard');
            requestAnimationFrame(draw);
        })();
</script>


<div style="background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(0,242,254,0.03), rgba(138,43,226,0.03)); border: 1px solid rgba(0,242,254,0.15); border-radius: 12px; padding: 18px 24px; margin: 25px auto 35px auto; font-size: 0.95em; color: #4b5563; line-height: 1.7; font-family: sans-serif;">
    <strong style="color: #1f2937; font-size: 1.05em; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px;">
        <span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f4a1.png" alt="💡" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></span> 간편 사용 설명서
    </strong>
    <ol style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; padding-left: 20px;">
        <li style="margin-bottom: 6px;"><strong>배관 형상 입구(D1) 및 수축부 목(D2) 직경 설정: 슬라이더를 당겨 입구 구경과 가열 통로인 수축부(Throat) 구경을 지정합니다. (목 직경은 항상 입구 직경보다 작아야 합니다.)</strong></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 6px;">입구 유속 및 정적 압력(P1) 설정: 유체가 벤투리 유입구로 들어올 때의 평균 유속(m/s)과 시작 정압(kPa)을 조절합니다.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 6px;">실시간 벤투리 감압 관찰: 수축부로 빨려 들어가는 파티클이 급격히 가속되고, 수축 지점에서 압력 게이지 액주계(Manometer) 높이가 크게 줄어드는 &#8216;벤투리 효과&#8217;를 목격합니다.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 6px;">정압/동압 분석 보고서 활용: 수축 단면에서의 최종 압력(P2)이 음압(진공) 상태에 진입하여 인젝터 흡입 구동력을 발생시킬 수 있는지 실시간 모듈에서 확인합니다.</li>
    </ol>
</div>


<details class="premium-seo-accordion" style="border: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.08); border-radius: 12px; background: #fbfbfc; padding: 0; margin: 30px auto; box-shadow: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.01); font-family: sans-serif;">
    <summary style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 20px 24px; font-size: 1.1em; font-weight: 700; color: #1f2937; cursor: pointer; user-select: none; outline: none; list-style: none;">
        <span><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f4da.png" alt="📚" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 베르누이 방정식(Bernoulli&#8217;s Equation)과 벤투리 효과(Venturi Effect) 수학적 이론 유도</span>
        <span class="accordion-arrow" style="font-size: 0.9em; color: #9ca3af; transition: transform 0.2s ease;">▼</span>
    </summary>
    <div style="padding: 0 24px 24px 24px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.04); background: #ffffff; border-radius: 0 0 12px 12px; font-size: 0.98em; color: #374151; line-height: 1.8;">
        <div style="margin-top: 20px;">
            <h3>1. 베르누이 정리(Bernoulli&#8217;s Theorem)의 기본 원리 및 물리적 정의</h3>
<p>유체역학의 가장 기본이 되는 **베르누이 방정식(Bernoulli&#8217;s Equation)**은 흐르는 유체에 대한 **에너지 보존 법칙**의 다른 표현입니다. 마찰이 없고 압축되지 않는 완전유체(Ideal Fluid)가 일정한 유선을 따라 흐를 때, 흐름 안의 어느 점에서도 단위 체적당 유체가 가진 **정압(Static Pressure)**, **동압(Dynamic Pressure)**, **위치 수두 에너지(Potential Pressure)**의 합은 항상 일정하게 유지됩니다.</p><p style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: #e0f2fe; padding: 16px; border-radius: 8px; font-size: 1.05em; color: #0369a1;">P + &frac12; &times; &rho; &times; v&sup2; + &rho; &times; g &times; z = Constant</p><p>여기서 <code>P</code>는 유체의 정압(Pa), <code>&rho;</code>는 유체 밀도(kg/m³), <code>v</code>는 흐름 속도(m/s), <code>g</code>는 중력가속도, <code>z</code>는 기준면으로부터의 높이(m)입니다. 수평으로 놓인 배관(<code>z1 = z2</code>)에서는 위치 에너지가 상쇄되므로, 유속이 빨라지면 반드시 정압이 하락하며 반대로 유속이 느려지면 정압이 상승하게 됩니다.</p>
<h3>2. 연속방정식과 연계한 벤투리 수축부 속도 및 압력 거동 계산</h3>
<p>유체가 단면적이 좁아지는 벤투리관 수축부를 지나갈 때, 통과 질량이 보존되어야 하므로 유동의 단면 속도는 관내 축소비율에 반비례하여 급상승합니다(연속방정식: <code>A1v1 = A2v2</code>).</p><p style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: #f3f4f6; padding: 12px; border-radius: 8px;">v2 = v1 &times; (A1 / A2) = v1 &times; (D1 / D2)&sup2;</p><p>상승한 가속 유속 <code>v2</code>를 베르누이 방정식에 대입하면 수축부(Throat)에서의 정압 <code>P2</code>를 도출할 수 있습니다.</p><p style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: #f3f4f6; padding: 12px; border-radius: 8px;">P2 = P1 &#8211; &frac12; &times; &rho; &times; (v2&sup2; &#8211; v1&sup2;)</p><p>만약 수축 비율이 극도로 커서 가속 유속이 한계치를 초과할 경우, 계산식 상의 <code>P2</code>가 대기압 이하로 감소하는 **진공 영역(Vacuum Pressure)**에 도달하게 됩니다. 이 저압 진공력에 의해 다른 부근의 액체나 가스를 스스로 빨아들이는 흡인 작용이 발생하며, 이는 스프레이 건, 기화기, 수류 이젝터 설계의 핵심 응용 물리로 활용됩니다.</p>
<h3>3. 실제 유체 해석(Loss and Cavitation)에서의 제한 요인</h3>
<p>이상 유체 계산식과 달리, 실제 점성 유체가 흐를 때는 내벽 마찰과 확산부에서의 와류 발생으로 인해 수축 단면 전후에 **마찰 압력 손실(Head Loss)**이 일어납니다. 또한 정압 <code>P2</code>가 이송 유체의 그 온도에 따른 **포화증기압(Vapor Pressure)** 이하로 떨어질 경우 유체가 관 내에서 비등 기화하여 **기포(Cavitation Bubble)**를 형성하는 공동현상이 일어날 수 있으며, 이는 배관 파손을 야기하므로 설계 시 임계 압력 이하로 떨어지지 않도록 철저히 차단 제어해야 합니다.</p>
        </div>
    </div>
</details>
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