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<channel>
	<title>피스톤단면적 &#8211; MyEngNote</title>
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		<title>유압 실린더 계산기 &#038; 시뮬레이터</title>
		<link>https://myengnote.com/hydraulic-cylinder-force-velocity-calculator-simulator/</link>
					<comments>https://myengnote.com/hydraulic-cylinder-force-velocity-calculator-simulator/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[동동]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 23:26:07 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[공학계산기]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[실린더속도]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[실린더추력]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[유압설계]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[유압실린더]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[피스톤단면적]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://myengnote.com/hydraulic-cylinder-force-velocity-calculator-simulator/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[실린더 내경(Bore), 로드경(Rod), 작동 압력, 공급 유량을 조절하여 전진/후진 추력(Force)과 피스톤 이동 유동 속도를 실시간 산출하고, 밸브 절환에 따른 양방향 거동을 모사하는 고성밀 2D 시뮬레이터입니다.]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h2 style="font-size: 1.6em; font-weight: 800; color: #0c0e25; border-bottom: 2px solid #00f2fe; padding-bottom: 8px; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f680.png" alt="🚀" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 유압 실린더 계산기 &#038; 시뮬레이터</h2>


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    grid-template-columns: 340px 1fr !important;
    gap: 24px !important;
    align-items: start !important;
}
/* 3열 레이아웃을 2열 레이아웃으로 변경하는 특화 스타일 */
.hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .right-column {
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    gap: 24px !important;
    min-width: 0 !important;
    grid-column: 2 !important;
}
.hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-panel,
.hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .canvas-panel,
.hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .sim-panel {
    grid-column: auto !important;
    order: 1 !important;
    align-self: stretch !important;
}
.hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .control-panel {
    grid-column: 1 !important;
}
/* 2열 통합 결과 분석 영역 레이아웃 */
.hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section {
    display: grid !important;
    grid-template-columns: 1.1fr 1.3fr !important;
    gap: 20px !important;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border) !important;
    padding-top: 20px !important;
    margin-top: 10px !important;
    align-items: stretch !important;
}
/* Readout Box 스타일 */
.hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section .ratio-readout-box,
.hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section .re-readout-box,
.hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section .status-readout-box,
.hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section .flow-readout-box,
.hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section [class*="readout-box"],
.hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section .gauge-container {
    grid-column: 1 !important;
    grid-row: 1 !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
    height: auto !important;
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    justify-content: center !important;
}
.hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section .results-grid {
    grid-column: 2 !important;
    grid-row: 1 / span 2 !important;
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    gap: 12px !important;
    justify-content: flex-start !important;
}
.hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section .results-grid .result-card {
    flex: none !important;
    display: flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    min-height: 72px !important;
    height: auto !important;
    padding: 12px 16px !important;
}
.hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section .formula-card {
    grid-column: 1 !important;
    grid-row: 2 !important;
}
/* 모바일/반응형 (800px 이하) ── 항상 세로형(1열) 정렬 및 시뮬레이터 캔버스 최상단 배치 */
@media (max-width: 800px) {
    .hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .app-main-grid,
    .hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .main-grid,
    .hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .sim-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
        display: flex !important;
        flex-direction: column !important;
    }
    .hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .control-panel {
        order: 2 !important;
        width: 100% !important;
    }
    .hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .right-column {
        order: 1 !important;
        width: 100% !important;
        display: flex !important;
        flex-direction: column !important;
    }
    .hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-panel,
    .hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .canvas-panel,
    .hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .sim-panel,
    .hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .canvas-section {
        order: -1 !important;
    }
    .hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
    }
    .hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section .ratio-readout-box,
    .hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section .re-readout-box,
    .hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section .status-readout-box,
    .hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section .flow-readout-box,
    .hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section [class*="readout-box"],
    .hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section .gauge-container {
        grid-column: 1 !important;
        grid-row: auto !important;
        height: auto !important;
    }
    .hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section .results-grid {
        grid-column: 1 !important;
        grid-row: auto !important;
    }
    .hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section .formula-card {
        grid-column: 1 !important;
        grid-row: auto !important;
    }
}
.hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .app-container,
.hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .main-container {
    max-width: 100% !important;
    padding: 12px !important;
}
/* Premium Advice/Formula Card & Typography Overrides */
.hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section .formula-card,
.hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .results-panel .formula-card {
    background: #ffffff !important;
    border: 1px solid var(--color-border) !important;
    border-radius: 12px !important;
    padding: 16px !important;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-card) !important;
    transition: all 0.2s ease !important;
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    justify-content: center !important;
    gap: 8px !important;
}
.hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .simulation-results-section .formula-card h4,
.hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .results-panel .formula-card h4 {
    font-size: 14px !important;
    font-weight: 700 !important;
    color: var(--color-text-main) !important;
    margin-top: 0 !important;
    margin-bottom: 4px !important;
    word-break: keep-all !important;
    line-height: 1.4 !important;
    display: flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    gap: 8px !important;
}
.hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper .formula-equation {
    font-family: 'Outfit', 'Cambria Math', 'Times New Roman', monospace !important;
    white-space: nowrap !important;
    overflow-x: auto !important;
    word-break: keep-all !important;
    text-align: center !important;
}
.hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper #text-judgment {
    font-size: 12px !important;
    font-weight: 500 !important;
    color: var(--color-text-muted) !important;
    line-height: 1.6 !important;
    word-break: keep-all !important;
}
</style>
<div class="hydraulic-cylinder-wrapper" style="position: relative; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow: hidden; margin: 30px auto; border-radius: 20px;">
    <div class="app-background-glow" style="position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; z-index: 1; pointer-events: none; overflow: hidden;"></div>
    <div style="position: relative; z-index: 2; width: 100%;">
    <div class="app-container">
        <header class="app-header">
            <div class="logo-area">
                <div class="logo-icon"><i class="fa-solid fa-arrows-left-right"></i></div>
                <div>
                    <h1>HYDRAULIC CYLINDER</h1>
                    <div class="subtitle">유압 실린더 추력 및 전/후진 차동 유속 계산기</div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="header-badge">
                <div class="pulse-dot"></div>
                <span class="badge-text">ACTUATOR PHYSICAL ENGINE</span>
            </div>
        </header>
        <div class="app-main-grid">
            <!-- Controls -->
            <div class="panel control-panel">
                <div class="panel-header text-cyan">
                    <i class="fa-solid fa-sliders"></i>
                    <h2>액추에이터 설계 사양</h2>
                </div>
                <!-- Bore D -->
                <div class="input-group">
                    <div class="input-label-row">
                        <label for="input-d"><i class="fa-solid fa-circle-dot text-cyan"></i> 실린더 보어 내경 (D)</label>
                        <span class="helper-text">범위: 20 ~ 200 mm</span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="number-input-wrapper">
                        <input type="number" id="input-d" class="custom-number-input" min="20" max="200" value="80">
                        <span class="unit-badge">mm</span>
                    </div>
                    <input type="range" id="slider-d" class="custom-slider" min="20" max="200" value="80">
                </div>
                <!-- Rod d -->
                <div class="input-group">
                    <div class="input-label-row">
                        <label for="input-rod"><i class="fa-solid fa-square-minus text-purple"></i> 피스톤 로드 외경 (d)</label>
                        <span class="helper-text">범위: 10 ~ 140 mm</span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="number-input-wrapper">
                        <input type="number" id="input-rod" class="custom-number-input" min="10" max="140" value="45">
                        <span class="unit-badge">mm</span>
                    </div>
                    <input type="range" id="slider-rod" class="custom-slider" min="10" max="140" value="45">
                </div>
                <!-- Stroke S -->
                <div class="input-group">
                    <div class="input-label-row">
                        <label for="input-s"><i class="fa-solid fa-arrows-left-right text-warning"></i> 실린더 행정 거리 (S)</label>
                        <span class="helper-text">범위: 50 ~ 1000 mm</span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="number-input-wrapper">
                        <input type="number" id="input-s" class="custom-number-input" min="50" max="1000" value="300">
                        <span class="unit-badge">mm</span>
                    </div>
                    <input type="range" id="slider-s" class="custom-slider" min="50" max="1000" value="300">
                </div>
                <!-- Working Pressure P -->
                <div class="input-group">
                    <div class="input-label-row">
                        <label for="input-p"><i class="fa-solid fa-gauge-simple-high text-success"></i> 유압 시스템 압력 (P)</label>
                        <span class="helper-text">범위: 10 ~ 350 bar</span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="number-input-wrapper">
                        <input type="number" id="input-p" class="custom-number-input" min="10" max="350" value="140">
                        <span class="unit-badge">bar</span>
                    </div>
                    <input type="range" id="slider-p" class="custom-slider" min="10" max="350" value="140">
                </div>
                <!-- Supply Q -->
                <div class="input-group">
                    <div class="input-label-row">
                        <label for="input-q"><i class="fa-solid fa-droplet text-magenta"></i> 펌프 공급 유량 (Q)</label>
                        <span class="helper-text">범위: 1 ~ 150 LPM</span>
                    </div>
                    <div class="number-input-wrapper">
                        <input type="number" id="input-q" class="custom-number-input" min="1" max="150" value="20">
                        <span class="unit-badge">L/min (LPM)</span>
                    </div>
                    <input type="range" id="slider-q" class="custom-slider" min="1" max="150" value="20">
                </div>
                <!-- Presets -->
                <div class="presets-section">
                    <h3><i class="fa-solid fa-gears"></i> 실무 실린더 표준 프리셋</h3>
                    <div class="presets-grid">
                        <button class="preset-btn" data-preset="standard">
                            <div class="preset-icon"><i class="fa-solid fa-screwdriver-wrench"></i></div>
                            <div class="preset-details">
                                <span class="preset-name">일반 산업용 실린더</span>
                                <span class="preset-spec">80A / 45A, 140 bar</span>
                            </div>
                        </button>
                        <button class="preset-btn" data-preset="heavy">
                            <div class="preset-icon"><i class="fa-solid fa-anchor"></i></div>
                            <div class="preset-details">
                                <span class="preset-name">고출력 프레스 실린더</span>
                                <span class="preset-spec">180A / 90A, 250 bar</span>
                            </div>
                        </button>
                        <button class="preset-btn" data-preset="highspeed">
                            <div class="preset-icon"><i class="fa-solid fa-bolt"></i></div>
                            <div class="preset-details">
                                <span class="preset-name">고속 무빙 툴 실린더</span>
                                <span class="preset-spec">40A / 20A, 70 bar</span>
                            </div>
                        </button>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <!-- Auto Injected Right Column wrapper for Design 1 -->
            <div class="right-column">
                <div class="panel simulation-panel">
                                <div class="panel-header text-purple">
                                    <div style="display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px;">
                                        <i class="fa-solid fa-display"></i>
                                        <h2>양방향 가압 행정 실시간 연동 시뮬레이터</h2>
                                    </div>
                                    <div class="canvas-scale-indicator" id="txt-canvas-scale">행정 동작 상태: 대기</div>
                                </div>
                                <div class="canvas-wrapper">
                                    <canvas id="physics-canvas" width="640" height="400"></canvas>
                                </div>
                                <div class="simulation-metrics-strip">
                                    <div class="mini-metric">
                                        <span class="label">피스톤 전진 속도</span>
                                        <span class="value" id="mini-v-ext">66.3 mm/s</span>
                                    </div>
                                    <div class="mini-divider"></div>
                                    <div class="mini-metric">
                                        <span class="label">피스톤 후진 속도</span>
                                        <span class="value" id="mini-v-ret">95.4 mm/s</span>
                                    </div>
                                    <div class="mini-divider"></div>
                                    <div class="mini-metric">
                                        <span class="label">전/후진 면적비</span>
                                        <span class="value" id="mini-area-ratio">1.44배</span>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                            <div class="simulation-results-section">
                                <div class="force-readout-box">
                                    <span class="force-title">THEORETICAL EXTEND FORCE</span>
                                    <span class="force-value" id="txt-force-ext">70.37 kN <span>(7.18 Ton)</span></span>
                                    <span class="force-type" id="txt-force-ret-label">후진력: 48.09 kN (4.90 Ton)</span>
                                </div>
                                <div class="results-grid">
                                    <div class="result-card">
                                        <div class="card-icon text-cyan"><i class="fa-solid fa-compress"></i></div>
                                        <div class="card-content">
                                            <span class="card-unit">전진 수하 면적 (Cap Area)</span>
                                            <span class="card-value" id="txt-area-push">50.27 cm²</span>
                                        </div>
                                    </div>
                                    <div class="result-card">
                                        <div class="card-icon text-purple"><i class="fa-solid fa-expand"></i></div>
                                        <div class="card-content">
                                            <span class="card-unit">후진 수하 면적 (Rod End Area)</span>
                                            <span class="card-value" id="txt-area-pull">34.36 cm²</span>
                                        </div>
                                    </div>
                                    <div class="result-card">
                                        <div class="card-icon text-success"><i class="fa-solid fa-clock"></i></div>
                                        <div class="card-content">
                                            <span class="card-unit">전진 행정 시간 (Extend Time)</span>
                                            <span class="card-value" id="txt-time-ext">4.52 s</span>
                                        </div>
                                    </div>
                                    <div class="result-card">
                                        <div class="card-icon text-warning"><i class="fa-solid fa-clock-rotate-left"></i></div>
                                        <div class="card-content">
                                            <span class="card-unit">후진 행정 시간 (Retract Time)</span>
                                            <span class="card-value" id="txt-time-ret">3.14 s</span>
                                        </div>
                                    </div>
                                </div>
                                <div class="formula-card">
                                        <h4><i class="fa-solid fa-circle-info text-cyan"></i> 피스톤 추력 연산 공식</h4>
                                        <div class="formula-equation">F = P &times; A</div>
                                        <p>
                                            * 1 bar = 100,000 Pa(N/m²) 압력 단위를 곱해 계산한 순수 정적 추력입니다.
                                        </p>
                                    </div>
                            </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
        <!-- Disclaimer Footer -->
        <footer class="app-disclaimer" style="margin-top: 20px; padding: 12px 16px; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.015); border: 1px solid var(--color-border); border-radius: 12px; font-size: 11px; color: var(--color-text-muted); line-height: 1.5; text-align: left; display: flex; gap: 10px; align-items: flex-start; clear: both;">
            <i class="fa-solid fa-circle-info" style="color: var(--color-cyan); font-size: 14px; margin-top: 2px; flex-shrink: 0;"></i>
            <span><strong>면책 조항 (Disclaimer):</strong> 본 시뮬레이터의 계산 결과는 교육 및 참고용으로만 제공되며, 실제 제품 설계나 제작 시에는 반드시 최신 공학 규격 및 공식 표준 설계 기준을 재확인하시기 바랍니다. 계산 값의 무결성을 보장하지 않으며, 이로 인해 발생하는 직접적/간접적 손해에 대해 제작자 및 본 블로그는 어떠한 책임을 지지 않습니다.</span>
        </footer>
</div>
    </div>
</div>
<script>
        (function() {
            // State
            const state = {
                d: 80,      // Bore mm
                rod: 45,    // Rod mm
                stroke: 300, // Stroke mm
                p: 140,     // bar
                q: 20,      // LPM
                strokePct: 0.1, // 0.0 to 1.0 (piston stroke percent)
                direction: 1, // 1 for extending, -1 for retracting
                lastTime: 0
            };
            // DOM Elements
            const inputD = document.getElementById('input-d');
            const sliderD = document.getElementById('slider-d');
            const inputRod = document.getElementById('input-rod');
            const sliderRod = document.getElementById('slider-rod');
            const inputS = document.getElementById('input-s');
            const sliderS = document.getElementById('slider-s');
            const inputP = document.getElementById('input-p');
            const sliderP = document.getElementById('slider-p');
            const inputQ = document.getElementById('input-q');
            const sliderQ = document.getElementById('slider-q');
            const txtForceExt = document.getElementById('txt-force-ext');
            const txtForceRetLabel = document.getElementById('txt-force-ret-label');
            const txtAreaPush = document.getElementById('txt-area-push');
            const txtAreaPull = document.getElementById('txt-area-pull');
            const miniVExt = document.getElementById('mini-v-ext');
            const miniVRet = document.getElementById('mini-v-ret');
            const miniAreaRatio = document.getElementById('mini-area-ratio');
            const presetButtons = document.querySelectorAll('.preset-btn');
            const canvas = document.getElementById('physics-canvas');
            const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
            // Clamp Rod <= Bore - 10
            function validateRodDiameter() {
                const maxAllowedRod = state.d - 10;
                if (state.rod > maxAllowedRod) {
                    state.rod = maxAllowedRod;
                    inputRod.value = state.rod;
                    sliderRod.value = state.rod;
                }
                sliderRod.max = maxAllowedRod;
            }
            // Sync Listeners
            function syncDFromSlider() {
                state.d = parseInt(sliderD.value);
                inputD.value = state.d;
                validateRodDiameter();
                clearPresets();
                updateCalculations();
            }
            function syncDFromInput() {
                let val = parseInt(inputD.value);
                if (isNaN(val)) { val = 80; }
                if (val < 20) { val = 20; }
                if (val > 200) { val = 200; }
                state.d = val;
                inputD.value = val;
                sliderD.value = val;
                validateRodDiameter();
                clearPresets();
                updateCalculations();
            }
            function syncRodFromSlider() {
                state.rod = parseInt(sliderRod.value);
                inputRod.value = state.rod;
                validateRodDiameter();
                clearPresets();
                updateCalculations();
            }
            function syncRodFromInput() {
                let val = parseInt(inputRod.value);
                if (isNaN(val)) { val = 45; }
                if (val < 10) { val = 10; }
                if (val > state.d - 10) { val = state.d - 10; }
                state.rod = val;
                inputRod.value = val;
                sliderRod.value = val;
                validateRodDiameter();
                clearPresets();
                updateCalculations();
            }
            function syncSFromSlider() {
                state.stroke = parseInt(sliderS.value);
                inputS.value = state.stroke;
                clearPresets();
                updateCalculations();
            }
            function syncSFromInput() {
                let val = parseInt(inputS.value);
                if (isNaN(val)) { val = 300; }
                if (val < 50) { val = 50; }
                if (val > 1000) { val = 1000; }
                state.stroke = val;
                inputS.value = val;
                sliderS.value = val;
                clearPresets();
                updateCalculations();
            }
            function syncPFromSlider() {
                state.p = parseInt(sliderP.value);
                inputP.value = state.p;
                clearPresets();
                updateCalculations();
            }
            function syncPFromInput() {
                let val = parseInt(inputP.value);
                if (isNaN(val)) { val = 140; }
                if (val < 10) { val = 10; }
                if (val > 350) { val = 350; }
                state.p = val;
                inputP.value = val;
                sliderP.value = val;
                clearPresets();
                updateCalculations();
            }
            function syncQFromSlider() {
                state.q = parseInt(sliderQ.value);
                inputQ.value = state.q;
                clearPresets();
                updateCalculations();
            }
            function syncQFromInput() {
                let val = parseInt(inputQ.value);
                if (isNaN(val)) { val = 20; }
                if (val < 1) { val = 1; }
                if (val > 150) { val = 150; }
                state.q = val;
                inputQ.value = val;
                sliderQ.value = val;
                clearPresets();
                updateCalculations();
            }
            sliderD.addEventListener('input', syncDFromSlider);
            inputD.addEventListener('change', syncDFromInput);
            sliderRod.addEventListener('input', syncRodFromSlider);
            inputRod.addEventListener('change', syncRodFromInput);
            sliderS.addEventListener('input', syncSFromSlider);
            inputS.addEventListener('change', syncSFromInput);
            sliderP.addEventListener('input', syncPFromSlider);
            inputP.addEventListener('change', syncPFromInput);
            sliderQ.addEventListener('input', syncQFromSlider);
            inputQ.addEventListener('change', syncQFromInput);
            // Presets
            function loadPreset(presetKey) {
                clearPresets();
                presetButtons.forEach(function(btn) {
                    if (btn.dataset.preset === presetKey) {
                        btn.classList.add('active');
                    }
                });
                if (presetKey === 'standard') {
                    state.d = 80;
                    state.rod = 45;
                    state.stroke = 300;
                    state.p = 140;
                    state.q = 20;
                } else if (presetKey === 'heavy') {
                    state.d = 180;
                    state.rod = 90;
                    state.stroke = 500;
                    state.p = 250;
                    state.q = 45;
                } else if (presetKey === 'highspeed') {
                    state.d = 40;
                    state.rod = 20;
                    state.stroke = 200;
                    state.p = 70;
                    state.q = 12;
                }
                inputD.value = state.d;
                sliderD.value = state.d;
                inputRod.value = state.rod;
                sliderRod.value = state.rod;
                inputS.value = state.stroke;
                sliderS.value = state.stroke;
                inputP.value = state.p;
                sliderP.value = state.p;
                inputQ.value = state.q;
                sliderQ.value = state.q;
                validateRodDiameter();
                updateCalculations();
            }
            function clearPresets() {
                presetButtons.forEach(function(btn) {
                    btn.classList.remove('active');
                });
            }
            presetButtons.forEach(function(btn) {
                btn.addEventListener('click', function() {
                    loadPreset(btn.dataset.preset);
                });
            });
            // Calcs
            function updateCalculations() {
                // A_push = pi * D^2 / 4 in mm2
                const aPush = (Math.PI * Math.pow(state.d, 2)) / 4;
                const aPushCm2 = aPush / 100;
                txtAreaPush.innerText = aPushCm2.toFixed(2) + ' cm²';
                // A_pull = pi * (D^2 - d^2) / 4 in mm2
                const aPull = (Math.PI * (Math.pow(state.d, 2) - Math.pow(state.rod, 2))) / 4;
                const aPullCm2 = aPull / 100;
                txtAreaPull.innerText = aPullCm2.toFixed(2) + ' cm²';
                // Force = P * A
                // 1 bar = 100,000 N/m2 = 10 N/cm2
                // F = P_bar * A_cm2 * 10 / 1000 kN = P_bar * A_cm2 / 100 kN
                const fPushKn = (state.p * aPushCm2) / 100;
                const fPushTon = fPushKn / 9.80665;
                txtForceExt.innerHTML = fPushKn.toFixed(2) + ' kN <span style="display: block; font-size: 0.75em; opacity: 0.85; margin-top: 4px; -webkit-text-fill-color: var(--color-text-muted); color: var(--color-text-muted); background: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial;">(' + fPushTon.toFixed(2) + ' Ton)</span>';
                const fPullKn = (state.p * aPullCm2) / 100;
                const fPullTon = fPullKn / 9.80665;
                txtForceRetLabel.innerText = '후진력: ' + fPullKn.toFixed(2) + ' kN (' + fPullTon.toFixed(2) + ' Ton)';
                // Speed = Q / A
                // Q in LPM = 16,666.7 mm3/s
                // v_ext = Q * 16666.7 / A_push (mm/s)
                const vExt = (state.q * 16666.67) / aPush;
                miniVExt.innerText = vExt.toFixed(1) + ' mm/s';
                const vRet = (state.q * 16666.67) / aPull;
                miniVRet.innerText = vRet.toFixed(1) + ' mm/s';
                const areaRatio = aPush / aPull;
                miniAreaRatio.innerText = areaRatio.toFixed(2) + '배 차이';
                // Time = Stroke / Speed
                const tExt = state.stroke / vExt;
                const tRet = state.stroke / vRet;
                document.getElementById('txt-time-ext').innerText = tExt.toFixed(2) + ' s';
                document.getElementById('txt-time-ret').innerText = tRet.toFixed(2) + ' s';
                const txtCanvasScale = document.getElementById('txt-canvas-scale');
                if (txtCanvasScale) {
                    let phase = '전진 (Extending)';
                    if (state.direction < 0) { phase = '후진 (Retracting)'; }
                    txtCanvasScale.innerText = `행정 구동 상태: ${phase}`;
                }
            }
            // DPR-aware canvas resize
            function resizeCanvas() {
                const dpr = window.devicePixelRatio || 1;
                const rect = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
                canvas.width = rect.width * dpr;
                canvas.height = rect.height * dpr;
                ctx.scale(dpr, dpr);
            }
            resizeCanvas();
            window.addEventListener('resize', resizeCanvas);
            setTimeout(resizeCanvas, 300);
            // Draw Cylinder cycle
            function draw(currentTime) {
                requestAnimationFrame(draw);
                let dt = (currentTime - state.lastTime) / 1000;
                if (isNaN(dt)) { dt = 0.016; }
                if (dt < 0) { dt = 0.016; }
                if (dt > 0.1) { dt = 0.016; }
                state.lastTime = currentTime;
                const dpr = window.devicePixelRatio || 1;
                const width = canvas.width / dpr;
                const height = canvas.height / dpr;
                ctx.clearRect(0, 0, width, height);
                // Grid
                ctx.save();
                ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.04)';
                ctx.lineWidth = 1;
                for (let x = 0; x < width; x += 30) {
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.moveTo(x, 0);
                    ctx.lineTo(x, height);
                    ctx.stroke();
                }
                for (let y = 0; y < height; y += 30) {
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.moveTo(0, y);
                    ctx.lineTo(width, y);
                    ctx.stroke();
                }
                ctx.restore();
                // Compute physical extension cycle step
                const aPush = (Math.PI * Math.pow(state.d, 2)) / 4;
                const aPull = (Math.PI * (Math.pow(state.d, 2) - Math.pow(state.rod, 2))) / 4;
                const vExt = (state.q * 16666.67) / aPush;
                const vRet = (state.q * 16666.67) / aPull;
                // Cycle physics (relative to actual stroke length state.stroke)
                if (state.direction === 1) {
                    // Extend speed pct shift
                    state.strokePct += (vExt / state.stroke) * dt;
                    if (state.strokePct >= 0.95) {
                        state.strokePct = 0.95;
                        state.direction = -1;
                    }
                } else {
                    // Retract speed pct shift
                    state.strokePct -= (vRet / state.stroke) * dt;
                    if (state.strokePct <= 0.05) {
                        state.strokePct = 0.05;
                        state.direction = 1;
                    }
                }
                // Geometry mapping - dynamic auto-zoom based on canvas size
                // Bore diameter (D): 20 ~ 200 mm -> maps to 20~75% of canvas height
                const maxCylH = height * 0.65;
                const minCylH = height * 0.15;
                const cylH = minCylH + ((state.d - 20) / 180) * (maxCylH - minCylH);
                // Rod diameter (d): 10 ~ 140 mm -> proportional to bore height
                const rodH = Math.max(8, cylH * (state.rod / state.d) * 0.8);
                // Cylinder length: dynamically scales with stroke length (state.stroke: 50~1000)
                const cylL = 140 + (state.stroke / 1000) * 260;
                const cylLeft = Math.max(60, width * 0.08);
                const cy = height / 2;
                const cylTop = cy - cylH / 2;
                const cylBottom = cy + cylH / 2;
                // Piston stroke coordinate
                // Max stroke travel inside cylinder is (cylL - piston thickness 22px)
                const pistonThick = 22;
                const maxTravel = cylL - pistonThick - 6;
                const pistonLeft = cylLeft + 3 + state.strokePct * maxTravel;
                const rodLength = maxTravel + 60;
                // Calculate max extended span for auto-zoom scaling
                const rodRight_max = (cylLeft + 3 + 0.95 * maxTravel) + pistonThick + rodLength;
                const xMin = cylLeft - 40; // Allow space for D dimension label
                const xMax = rodRight_max + 75; // Allow space for d dimension label
                const yMin = cylTop - 35; // Allow space for S dimension label
                const yMax = cylBottom + 35; // Allow space for ports/arrows
                const W_draw = xMax - xMin;
                const H_draw = yMax - yMin;
                const padding = 20;
                const scaleX = (width - padding * 2) / W_draw;
                const scaleY = (height - padding * 2) / H_draw;
                const zoom = Math.min(scaleX, scaleY);
                const cx_draw = (xMin + xMax) / 2;
                const cy_draw = (yMin + yMax) / 2;
                const dx = width / 2 - cx_draw * zoom;
                const dy = height / 2 - cy_draw * zoom;
                ctx.save();
                ctx.translate(dx, dy);
                ctx.scale(zoom, zoom);
                // Active chamber lighting colors (yellow-orange hydraulic oil tint)
                const activeColor = 'rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.4)';
                const neutralColor = 'rgba(241, 245, 249, 0.2)';
                let leftChamberColor = neutralColor;
                let rightChamberColor = neutralColor;
                if (state.direction === 1) {
                    leftChamberColor = activeColor;
                } else {
                    rightChamberColor = activeColor;
                }
                // 1. Draw left active chamber fill
                ctx.save();
                ctx.fillStyle = leftChamberColor;
                ctx.fillRect(cylLeft + 3, cylTop + 3, pistonLeft - cylLeft - 3, cylH - 6);
                // 2. Draw right active chamber fill
                ctx.fillStyle = rightChamberColor;
                ctx.fillRect(pistonLeft + pistonThick, cylTop + 3, cylLeft + cylL - pistonLeft - pistonThick - 3, cylH - 6);
                ctx.restore();
                // 3. Draw cylinder rod (Steel shaft) extending out
                ctx.save();
                ctx.fillStyle = 'linear-gradient(180deg, #e2e8f0 0%, #94a3b8 100%)';
                // Gradients for rod look
                const rodGrad = ctx.createLinearGradient(pistonLeft, cy - rodH/2, pistonLeft, cy + rodH/2);
                rodGrad.addColorStop(0, '#f1f5f9');
                rodGrad.addColorStop(0.3, '#cbd5e1');
                rodGrad.addColorStop(0.5, '#94a3b8');
                rodGrad.addColorStop(1, '#475569');
                ctx.fillStyle = rodGrad;
                ctx.fillRect(pistonLeft + pistonThick, cy - rodH / 2, rodLength, rodH);
                // Rounded steel rod cap
                ctx.strokeStyle = '#334155';
                ctx.lineWidth = 1.5;
                ctx.strokeRect(pistonLeft + pistonThick, cy - rodH / 2, rodLength, rodH);
                ctx.restore();
                // 4. Draw piston block inside
                ctx.save();
                const pistonGrad = ctx.createLinearGradient(pistonLeft, cylTop, pistonLeft + pistonThick, cylTop);
                pistonGrad.addColorStop(0, '#64748b');
                pistonGrad.addColorStop(0.5, '#cbd5e1');
                pistonGrad.addColorStop(1, '#334155');
                ctx.fillStyle = pistonGrad;
                ctx.fillRect(pistonLeft, cylTop + 2, pistonThick, cylH - 4);
                ctx.strokeStyle = '#1e293b';
                ctx.lineWidth = 2;
                ctx.strokeRect(pistonLeft, cylTop + 2, pistonThick, cylH - 4);
                // Seal rings on piston
                ctx.fillStyle = '#ff007f';
                ctx.fillRect(pistonLeft + 4, cylTop + 2, 4, 3);
                ctx.fillRect(pistonLeft + 4, cylBottom - 5, 4, 3);
                ctx.fillRect(pistonLeft + 14, cylTop + 2, 4, 3);
                ctx.fillRect(pistonLeft + 14, cylBottom - 5, 4, 3);
                ctx.restore();
                // 5. Draw cylinder sleeve (Tube casing)
                ctx.save();
                ctx.strokeStyle = '#475569';
                ctx.lineWidth = 5;
                // Main boundaries
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.moveTo(cylLeft + cylL, cylTop);
                ctx.lineTo(cylLeft, cylTop);
                ctx.lineTo(cylLeft, cylBottom);
                ctx.lineTo(cylLeft + cylL, cylBottom);
                ctx.stroke();
                // Draw front nose cover (Right boundary with rod gap)
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.moveTo(cylLeft + cylL, cylTop);
                ctx.lineTo(cylLeft + cylL, cy - rodH / 2 - 3);
                ctx.moveTo(cylLeft + cylL, cy + rodH / 2 + 3);
                ctx.lineTo(cylLeft + cylL, cylBottom);
                ctx.stroke();
                // Draw oil inlet ports
                ctx.fillStyle = '#475569';
                // Left port
                ctx.fillRect(cylLeft + 20, cylBottom, 14, 8);
                // Right port
                ctx.fillRect(cylLeft + cylL - 34, cylBottom, 14, 8);
                ctx.restore();
                // 6. Draw flow arrow signals at ports
                ctx.save();
                ctx.fillStyle = '#f59e0b';
                if (state.direction === 1) {
                    // Left port input arrow
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.moveTo(cylLeft + 27, cylBottom + 20);
                    ctx.lineTo(cylLeft + 27, cylBottom + 3);
                    ctx.lineTo(cylLeft + 23, cylBottom + 9);
                    ctx.moveTo(cylLeft + 27, cylBottom + 3);
                    ctx.lineTo(cylLeft + 31, cylBottom + 9);
                    ctx.strokeStyle = '#f59e0b';
                    ctx.lineWidth = 3;
                    ctx.stroke();
                } else {
                    // Right port input arrow
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.moveTo(cylLeft + cylL - 27, cylBottom + 20);
                    ctx.lineTo(cylLeft + cylL - 27, cylBottom + 3);
                    ctx.lineTo(cylLeft + cylL - 31, cylBottom + 9);
                    ctx.moveTo(cylLeft + cylL - 27, cylBottom + 3);
                    ctx.lineTo(cylLeft + cylL - 23, cylBottom + 9);
                    ctx.strokeStyle = '#f59e0b';
                    ctx.lineWidth = 3;
                    ctx.stroke();
                }
                ctx.restore();
                // 7. Draw dimension annotations (D, d, S)
                ctx.save();
                ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(100, 116, 139, 0.4)';
                ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(100, 116, 139, 0.6)';
                ctx.lineWidth = 1;
                function drawArrowhead(ctx, x, y, angle, size = 5) {
                    ctx.save();
                    ctx.translate(x, y);
                    ctx.rotate(angle);
                    ctx.beginPath();
                    ctx.moveTo(0, 0);
                    ctx.lineTo(-size, -size * 0.4);
                    ctx.lineTo(-size * 0.8, 0);
                    ctx.lineTo(-size, size * 0.4);
                    ctx.closePath();
                    ctx.fill();
                    ctx.restore();
                }
                // 1. Bore Diameter D (Vertical line on the left)
                const dLineX = cylLeft - 22;
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.moveTo(cylLeft, cylTop);
                ctx.lineTo(dLineX - 4, cylTop);
                ctx.moveTo(cylLeft, cylBottom);
                ctx.lineTo(dLineX - 4, cylBottom);
                ctx.stroke();
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.moveTo(dLineX, cylTop);
                ctx.lineTo(dLineX, cylBottom);
                ctx.stroke();
                drawArrowhead(ctx, dLineX, cylTop, -Math.PI / 2, 5);
                drawArrowhead(ctx, dLineX, cylBottom, Math.PI / 2, 5);
                ctx.save();
                ctx.translate(dLineX - 6, cy);
                ctx.rotate(-Math.PI / 2);
                ctx.textAlign = 'center';
                ctx.textBaseline = 'bottom';
                ctx.fillStyle = '#475569';
                ctx.font = '500 11px Inter, sans-serif';
                ctx.fillText(`D = ${state.d} mm`, 0, 0);
                ctx.restore();
                // 2. Rod Diameter d (Vertical line on the right)
                const rodRight = pistonLeft + pistonThick + rodLength;
                const dRodLineX = rodRight + 12;
                const rodTop = cy - rodH / 2;
                const rodBottom = cy + rodH / 2;
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.moveTo(rodRight, rodTop);
                ctx.lineTo(dRodLineX + 4, rodTop);
                ctx.moveTo(rodRight, rodBottom);
                ctx.lineTo(dRodLineX + 4, rodBottom);
                ctx.stroke();
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.moveTo(dRodLineX, rodTop);
                ctx.lineTo(dRodLineX, rodBottom);
                ctx.stroke();
                if (rodH >= 12) {
                    drawArrowhead(ctx, dRodLineX, rodTop, -Math.PI / 2, 4);
                    drawArrowhead(ctx, dRodLineX, rodBottom, Math.PI / 2, 4);
                }
                ctx.save();
                ctx.translate(dRodLineX + 6, cy);
                ctx.textAlign = 'left';
                ctx.textBaseline = 'middle';
                ctx.fillStyle = '#475569';
                ctx.font = '500 11px Inter, sans-serif';
                ctx.fillText(`d = ${state.rod} mm`, 0, 0);
                ctx.restore();
                // 3. Stroke S (Horizontal line on top)
                const sLineY = cylTop - 18;
                const sStart = cylLeft + 3;
                const sEnd = cylLeft + 3 + maxTravel;
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.moveTo(sStart, cylTop);
                ctx.lineTo(sStart, sLineY - 4);
                ctx.moveTo(sEnd, cylTop);
                ctx.lineTo(sEnd, sLineY - 4);
                ctx.stroke();
                ctx.beginPath();
                ctx.moveTo(sStart, sLineY);
                ctx.lineTo(sEnd, sLineY);
                ctx.stroke();
                drawArrowhead(ctx, sStart, sLineY, Math.PI, 5);
                drawArrowhead(ctx, sEnd, sLineY, 0, 5);
                ctx.save();
                ctx.translate((sStart + sEnd) / 2, sLineY - 6);
                ctx.textAlign = 'center';
                ctx.textBaseline = 'bottom';
                ctx.fillStyle = '#475569';
                ctx.font = '500 11px Inter, sans-serif';
                ctx.fillText(`S = ${state.stroke} mm`, 0, 0);
                ctx.restore();
                ctx.restore();
                // Restore outer auto-zoom scale state
                ctx.restore();
            }
            // Copy & right click block with nested if
            document.addEventListener('contextmenu', function(e) {
                e.preventDefault();
                alert("이 콘텐츠는 저작권법의 보호를 받습니다. 무단 복제 및 우클릭을 금지합니다.");
                return false;
            }, { capture: true });
            document.addEventListener('selectstart', function(e) {
                e.preventDefault();
                return false;
            }, { capture: true });
            document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) {
                if (e.key === 'F12') {
                    e.preventDefault();
                    alert("이 콘텐츠는 저작권법의 보호를 받습니다. 무단 복제 및 우클릭을 금지합니다.");
                    return false;
                }
                if (e.ctrlKey) {
                    if (e.key === 'u' || e.key === 'c' || e.key === 's' || e.key === 'U' || e.key === 'C' || e.key === 'S') {
                        e.preventDefault();
                        alert("이 콘텐츠는 저작권법의 보호를 받습니다. 무단 복제 및 우클릭을 금지합니다.");
                        return false;
                    }
                    if (e.shiftKey) {
                        if (['i','I','j','J','c','C'].includes(e.key)) {
                            e.preventDefault();
                            alert("이 콘텐츠는 저작권법의 보호를 받습니다. 무단 복제 및 우클릭을 금지합니다.");
                            return false;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }, { capture: true });
            // Initialize
            loadPreset('standard');
            requestAnimationFrame(draw);
        })();
</script>


<div style="background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(0,242,254,0.03), rgba(138,43,226,0.03)); border: 1px solid rgba(0,242,254,0.15); border-radius: 12px; padding: 18px 24px; margin: 25px auto 35px auto; font-size: 0.95em; color: #4b5563; line-height: 1.7; font-family: sans-serif;">
    <strong style="color: #1f2937; font-size: 1.05em; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px;">
        <span style="font-size: 1.2em;"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f4a1.png" alt="💡" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></span> 간편 사용 설명서
    </strong>
    <ol style="margin: 10px 0 0 0; padding-left: 20px;">
        <li style="margin-bottom: 6px;"><strong>실린더 보어(D) 및 로드 지름(d) 설정: 슬라이더를 통해 피스톤의 외부 내경(Bore)과 샤프트의 직경(Rod)을 입력합니다. (로드 직경은 항상 보어 직경보다 작아야 합니다.)</strong></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 6px;">유압 시스템 공급 변수 입력: 펌프가 생성하는 정격 유압 압력(bar)과 시스템 분당 토출 유량(LPM)을 설정합니다.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 6px;">실시간 사이클 구동 및 절환 관찰: 피스톤이 전진할 때의 느리고 강력한 추력과, 로드 단면적만큼 기름이 적게 들어가 빠르지만 약한 후진 동작을 물리 엔진 애니메이션으로 관찰합니다.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 6px;">추력 및 속도 데이터 분석: 계측판에 정리된 전·후진 작동 압축력(kN, Ton) 및 도달 속도(mm/s) 결과를 바탕으로 최적의 유압 액추에이터 사양을 결정합니다.</li>
    </ol>
</div>


<details class="premium-seo-accordion" style="border: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.08); border-radius: 12px; background: #fbfbfc; padding: 0; margin: 30px auto; box-shadow: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.01); font-family: sans-serif;">
    <summary style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 20px 24px; font-size: 1.1em; font-weight: 700; color: #1f2937; cursor: pointer; user-select: none; outline: none; list-style: none;">
        <span><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f4da.png" alt="📚" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 유압 실린더 수하물 추력 및 전/후진 차동 유동 속도 이론 공식</span>
        <span class="accordion-arrow" style="font-size: 0.9em; color: #9ca3af; transition: transform 0.2s ease;">▼</span>
    </summary>
    <div style="padding: 0 24px 24px 24px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.04); background: #ffffff; border-radius: 0 0 12px 12px; font-size: 0.98em; color: #374151; line-height: 1.8;">
        <div style="margin-top: 20px;">
            <h3>1. 실린더 피스톤 작용 면적과 전진/후진 기하학적 형상 공식</h3>
<p>복동형(Double Acting) 유압 실린더는 피스톤의 전진 시 압유를 가하는 **헤드 측(Cap End / Head End)**과 후진 시 압유를 가하는 **로드 측(Rod End / Annulus End)**의 유체 접촉 작용 단면적이 상이합니다. 이 면적의 기하학적 불균형으로 인해 동일 압력과 유량에서도 전진과 후진 시의 힘과 속도가 다르게 발생하는 **차동 현상**이 일어납니다.</p><p><strong>① 전진 시 가압 단면적 (Cap End Area, A_push):</strong> 보어 내경 전체에 압력이 작용합니다.</p><p style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: #f3f4f6; padding: 12px; border-radius: 8px;">A_push = &pi; &times; D&sup2; / 4 &nbsp;[mm&sup2;]</p><p><strong>② 후진 시 가압 단면적 (Annulus / Rod End Area, A_pull):</strong> 피스톤 면적에서 로드가 차지하는 면적만큼이 유압 작용에서 소거됩니다.</p><p style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: #f3f4f6; padding: 12px; border-radius: 8px;">A_pull = &pi; &times; (D&sup2; &#8211; d&sup2;) / 4 &nbsp;[mm&sup2;]</p>
<h3>2. 작동 압력에 따른 전진/후진 이론 추력(Thrust Force) 산출 공식</h3>
<p>실린더의 밀고 당기는 힘은 가압 작용 단면적에 작동 유압 압력(<code>P</code>)을 곱하여 도출됩니다. 공학 설계 현장에서는 주로 bar 단위와 mm 단위를 쓰므로 다음과 같은 단위 조율 공식을 사용하여 <code>kN</code> 및 공학단위인 <code>tonf(톤)</code>을 계산합니다.</p><p style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: #e0f2fe; padding: 16px; border-radius: 8px; font-size: 1.05em; color: #0369a1;">F_extend = (P_bar &times; 10&#038;sup5; &times; A_push_m&sup2;) / 1,000 &nbsp;[kN]</p><p style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: #f3f4f6; padding: 12px; border-radius: 8px;">F_extend [tonf] &approx; F_extend [kN] / 9.80665</p><p style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: #e0f2fe; padding: 16px; border-radius: 8px; font-size: 1.05em; color: #0369a1;">F_retract = (P_bar &times; 10&#038;sup5; &times; A_pull_m&sup2;) / 1,000 &nbsp;[kN]</p>
<h3>3. 유량 유입에 의한 작동 유동 속도(Velocity) 및 이동 시간 산출</h3>
<p>공급 유량(<code>Q_LPM</code>)에 의한 피스톤의 이동 유속은 유입 유량을 실린더 작동 단면적으로 나눈 몫으로 정의됩니다.</p><p style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: #f3f4f6; padding: 12px; border-radius: 8px;">v_extend = Q / A_push &nbsp;, &nbsp; v_retract = Q / A_pull</p><p>단위계 환산을 포함한 실제 유동 속도(mm/s) 도출 공식은 다음과 같습니다:</p><p style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; background: #f3f4f6; padding: 12px; border-radius: 8px;">v_extend [mm/s] = (Q_LPM &times; 10&#038;sup6;) / (60 &times; A_push_mm&sup2;) = (16,666.7 &times; Q_LPM) / A_push_mm&sup2;</p><p>수축 가압 면적인 <code>A_pull</code>이 <code>A_push</code>보다 항상 작으므로, 후진 시의 유속(<code>v_retract</code>)이 전진 시의 유속(<code>v_extend</code>)보다 빠르며 그 속도 가중치는 내경과 로드 구경 비율에 따라 유기적으로 변화하게 됩니다.</p>
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